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DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology > Back Muscles > Flashcards

Back Muscles Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

innervated by the anterior rami

superficial group moves the upper limb

intermediate (respiratory) group moves ribs

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2
Q

Intrinsic (true) back muscles

A

innervated by posterior rami

move vertebral column and head

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3
Q

superficial back muscles

A

immediately deep to superficial fascia

attach to upper appendicular skeleton

traps, lats, levator scap, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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4
Q

Intermediate (respiratory) back muscles

A

2 thin muscular serrated sheets in superior and inferior back

pass obliquely form vertebral column to attach to ribs

serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior

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5
Q

spinotransversalis back muscles

A

spinous process to ligamentum nuchae upward and laterally

insert onto transverse processes of C1-3 and mastoid process of occipital bone

bilateral contraction=extend neck

unilateral contraction=rotate head to ipsilateral side

splenius capitus and splenius cervicis

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6
Q

erector spinae back muscles

A

3 vertical columns
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-illiocostalis
-longissimus
-spinalis

primary extensors of the vertebral column and head

bilateral contraction=straighten back and pull back head from flexed position

unilateral=bend vertebral column or head laterally (laterally flex)

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7
Q

transversospinales back muscles

A

run obliquely upward and medially from transverse process to spinous process

fills the grooves between transverse and spinous processes

semispinalis-superficial
multifidus-intermediate
rotatores-deepest

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8
Q

segmental back muscles

A

deep postural muscles

stabilize vertebrae during movement of vertebral column

levatores costarum-transverse process to rib below

interspinales-between spinous processes

intertransversarii-between transverse processes

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9
Q

suboccipital back muscles

A

base of occipital bone

move head

connect C1, C2, and occipital bone

innervated by posterior ramus of C1

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10
Q

primary curvatures

A

thoracic and sacral

anteriorly concave

like embryo

kyphosis

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11
Q

secondary curvature

A

cervical and lumbar

concave posteriorly

lordosis

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12
Q

curvatures of the spinal column

A

Thoracic kyphosis

Lumbar lordosis

Center of gravity is a vertical line allowing body’s weight to be balanced on vertebral column in a way that expends minimal muscle energy for bipedalism

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13
Q

ligamentum nuchae

A

ligamen anchored between the bifid spinous process

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14
Q

where do the vertebral arteries run through?

A

transverse foramen

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15
Q

uncovertebral joint

A

uncinate process articulating with the bodies of the cervical vertebra above

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16
Q

uncinate process

A

crests on superolateral part of the body

facilitates flexion and extension

limits lateral flexion

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17
Q

atlanto-occipital joint

A

nods head up and down

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18
Q

atlanto-axial joint

A

rotates the head

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19
Q

transverse ligament of the atlas

A

holds dens in position

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20
Q

alar ligaments

A

connect dens to occipital condyle

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21
Q

dens

A

superior projection of the axis (C2)

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22
Q

demifacets

A

on each side of the body

articulate with head of its own rib and head of rib below

superior-articulates with own rib
inferior-articulates with rib below

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23
Q

Zygapophysial joint

A

between superior and inferior articular processes

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24
Q

what does the slope of the cervical vertebrae help with?

A

flexion and extension

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25
what does the vertical angle of the thoracic vertebrae help with? what does it limit?
facilitates rotation; limits flexion and extension
26
what does the curved and interlocked lumbar vertebrae do?
limits ROM
27
anterior longitudinal ligament
base of skull to sacrum attached to anterior part of bodies and intervertebral discs
28
posterior longitudinal ligament
attached to posterior part of bodies and intervertebral discs lines anterior surface of vertebral canal tectorial membrane-connects C2 to base of the skull
29
ligamenta flava
between laminae of adjacent vertebrae elastic tissue posterior surface of vertebral canal runs between posterior surface of lamina below to anterior surface of lamina above resists separation of laminae during flexion assists extension back to anatomical position
30
supraspinous ligament
connects tips of spinous processes from C7-sacrum
31
ligamentum nuchae
continuation of supraspinous ligement suports head resists flexion facilitates extension back to anatomical position attachment of traps and splenius capitis
32
interspinous ligaments
pass between adjacent spinous processes blend with supraspinous posteriorly and ligamentum flavum anteriorly
33
conus medullaris
distal end of the spinal cord
34
filum terminale
continues inferiorly from conus medullaris longitudinal support to spinal cord attached to coccyx
35
segmental arteries
enter through intervertebral foramina arise from vertebral and deep cervical arteries in neck, post. Intercostal arteries in thorax, lumbar arteries in abdomen give rise to anterior and posterior radicular arteries largest is arteria radicularis magna (artery of Adamkiewicz)
36
longitudinal arteries
anterior spinal artery: originates from vertebral artery in cranial cavity posterior spinal artery: originates from vertebral arteries or posterior inferior cerebellar artery in cranial cavity.
37
spinal cord veins
form longitudinal channels 2 pairs on each side drain into internal vertebral plexus
38
trapezius
origin: occiput insertion: lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula innervation: motor-accessory function: upper fibers elevate, middle fibers adduct, and lower fibers depress scapula
39
latissimus dorsi
origin: spinous processes of T7 to L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10 to 12 via thoracolumbar fascia insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8) function: extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
40
levator scapulae
origin: transverse processes of C1 to C4 insertion: upper portion medial border of scapula innervation: C3 to C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) function: elevates scapula
41
rhomboid major
origin: spinous processes of T2 to T5 insertion: medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) function: retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula
42
rhomboid minor
origin: lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 and T1 insertion: medial border of scapula at spine of scapula innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) function: retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula
43
serratus posterior superior
origin: lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T3, and supraspinous ligaments insertion: upper border of ribs II to V just lateral to their angles innervation: anterior rami of upper thoracic nerves (T2 to T5) function: elevates ribs 2 to 5
44
serratus posterior inferior
origin: spinous processes of T11 to L3 and supraspinous ligaments insertion: lower border of ribs IX to XII just lateral to their angles innervation: anterior rami of lower thoracic nerves (T9 to T12) function:depresses ribs IX to XII and may prevent lower ribs from being elevated when the diaphragm contracts
45
splenius capitis
origin: lower half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T4 insertion: mastoid process, skull below lateral one third of superior nuchal line innervation: posterior rami function: together—draw head backward, extending neck; individually—draw and rotate head to one side (turn face to same side)
46
splenius cervicis
origin: spinous processes of T3 to T6 insertion: transverse processes of C1 to C3 innervation: posterior rami function: together—extend neck; individually—draw and rotate head to one side (turn face to same side)
47
illiocostalis lumborum
origin: sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar and lower two thoracic vertebrae and their supraspinous ligaments, and the iliac crest insertion: angles of the lower six or seven ribs innervation: posterior rami function: extend and laterally flex trunk
48
illiocostalis thoracis
origin: angles of the lower six ribs insertion: angles of the upper six ribs and the transverse process of C7 innervation: posterior rami function: extend and laterally flex trunk
49
illiocostalis cervicis
origin: angles of ribs III to VI insertion: transverse processes of C4 to C6 innervation: posterior rami function: extend and laterally flex neck
50
longissimus thoracis
origin: blends with iliocostalis in lumbar region and is attached to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae insertion: transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and just lateral to the tubercles of the lower nine or ten ribs innervation: posterior rami function: extend and laterally flex trunk
51
longissimus cervicis
origin: transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae insertion: transverse processes of C2 to C6 innervation: posterior rami function: extend and laterally flex neck
52
longissimus capitis
origin: transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of lower three or four cervical vertebrae insertion: posterior margin of the mastoid process innervation: posterior rami function: extend, rotate, and laterally flex head
53
spinalis thoracis
origin: spinous processes of T10 or T11 to L2 insertion: spinous processes of TI to TVIII (varies) innervation: posterior rami function: extend and laterally flex trunk
54
spinalis cervicis
origin: lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of CVII (sometimes T1 to T2) insertion: spinous process of C2 (axis) innervation: posterior rami function: extend and laterally flex neck
55
semispinalis thoracis
origin: transverse processes of T6 to T10 insertion: spinous processes of upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae innervation: posterior rami function: extend and rotate trunk
56
semispinalis cervicis
origin: transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae insertion: spinous processes of C2 (axis) to C5 innervation: posterior rami function: extend and rotate neck
57
semispinalis capitis
origin: transverse processes of T1 to T6 (or T7) and C7 and articular processes of C4 to C6 insertion: medial area between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone innervation: posterior rami function: extend and rotate head
58
multifidus
origin: sacrum insertion: base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5 to C2 (axis) innervation: posterior rami function: extend neck and trunk; stabilize vertebral column
59
rotatores lumborum
origin: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae insertion: spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae innervation: posterior rami function: extend and rotate trunk; stabilize vertebral column
60
rotatores thoracis
origin: transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae insertion: spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae innervation: posterior rami function: extend and rotate trunk; stabilize vertebral column
61
rotatores cervicis
origin: articular processes of cervical vertebrae insertion: spinous processes of cervical vertebrae innervation: posterior rami function: extend and rotate trunk; stabilize vertebral column
62
levatores costarum
origin: short paired muscles arising from transverse processes of C7 to T11 insertion: the rib below vertebra of origin near tubercle innervation: posterior rami function: contraction elevates rib
63
interspinales
origin: short paired muscles attached to the spinous processes of contiguous vertebrae, one on each side of the interspinous ligament insertion: spinous process innervation: posterior rami function: postural muscles that stabilize adjoining vertebrae during movements of vertebral column
64
intertransversarii
origin: small muscles between the transverse processes of contiguous vertebrae insertion: transverse process innervation: posterior rmai function: postural muscles that stabilize adjoining vertebrae during movements of vertebral column
65
rectus capitis posterior major
origin: spinous process of axis (C2) insertion: lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line innervation: posterior ramus of C1 function: extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle
66
rectus capitis posterior minor
origin: posterior tubercle of atlas (C1) insertion: medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line innervation: posterior ramus of C1 function: extension of head
67
obliquus capitis superior
origin: transverse process of atlas (C1) insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines innervation: posterior ramus of C1 function: extension of head and bends it to same side
68
obliquus capitis inferior
origin: spinous process of axis (C2) insertion: transverse process of atlas (C1) innervation: posterior ramus of C1 function: rotation of face to same side

DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology (12 decks)

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