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DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology > Upper Limb Lecture > Flashcards

Upper Limb Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what connects the trunk and upper limb?

A

the SC joint

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2
Q

what do all structures that pass b/w the neck and arm go through?

A

the axilla

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3
Q

what goes through the cubital fossa?

A

median nerve and brachial artery

tendon of biceps brachii

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4
Q

what is the cubital fossa?

A

formed by brachioradialis and pronator teres

where brachial artery branches into radial and ulnar arteries

BP measurement

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5
Q

what goes through the carpal tunnel (transverse carpal ligament)?

A

median nerve, flexor tendons, and flexor retinaculum

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6
Q

brachial

A

arm

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7
Q

antibrachial

A

forearm

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8
Q

what muscles connect the scapula and clavicle to the trunk?

A

traps, rhomboids (major and minor), and levator scap

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9
Q

what connects the clavicle, scap, and body wall to the proximal humerus?

A

pec major, pec minor, lats, teres major, deltoid, and rotator cuff muscles

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10
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

SITS:
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis

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11
Q

anterior compartment

A

flexors

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12
Q

posterior compartment

A

extensors

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13
Q

what separates the posterior and anterior compartments?

A

intermuscular septa, bones, and ligaments (interosseous membrane in the forearm)

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14
Q

what are the hand intrinsics?

A

thenar and hypothenar muscles

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15
Q

thenar muscles

A

move thumb independent of other muscles

soft tissue mound called thenar eminence on palmar aspect of metacarpal 1

opponents pollicus

flexor pollicus brevis

abductor pollicis brevis

innervated by recurrent branch of median nerve

adductor compartment: adductor pollicus innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve

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16
Q

hypothenar muscles

A

soft tissue mound on palmar side of metacarpal 5

act on digit 5

form hypothenar eminence

innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve

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17
Q

what makes up the axilla inlet?

A

medial margin: lateral border of rib 1

anterior margin: posterior surface of the clavicle

posterior margin: superior border of the scapula

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18
Q

what makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

lateral pec major, pec minor, and subclavius

clavipectoral fascia (deep to pec minor, encloses subclavius and pec minor)

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19
Q

what goes through the clavipectoral fascia?

A

cephalic vein

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20
Q

what makes up the medial wall of the axilla?

A

ribs and intercostal muscles
serratus anterior

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21
Q

what makes up the lateral wall?

A

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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22
Q

what muscle connects to lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus?

A

pec major

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23
Q

what muscle connects to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus?

A

lats

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24
Q

what muscle connects to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus?

A

teres major

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25
what makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?
subscapularis, lats, teres major, long head of triceps brachii
26
what makes up the floor of the axilla?
fascia and dome of the skin supported by clavipectoral fascia
27
is the anterior or posterior fold of the axilla more superior?
the anterior fold is more superior than the posterior fold
28
what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?
teres major, surgical neck of humerus, teres minor, long head of triceps brachii
29
what passes through the quadrangular space?
axillary nerve, and posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
30
what are the boundaries of the triangular space?
long head of triceps brachii, teres major, and teres minor
31
what passes through the triangular space?
circumflex scapular artery and vein
32
what are the boundaries of the triangular interval?
long head of triceps brachii, shaft of humerus, and teres major
33
what passes through the triangular interval?
radial nerve, profunda brachii (deep artery of arm), and vein
34
what makes up the suprascapular foramen?
suprascapular notch and superior transverse scapular ligament
35
what passes through the suprascapular foramen?
suprascapular nerve
36
branching of the subclavian artery
subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral margin of rib 1 the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the inferior margin of the teres major
37
what are the 3 parts of the axillary artery?
1st part: proximal to pec minor 2nd part: posterior to pec minor 3rd part: distal to pec minor
38
branching of the axillary vein
the basilic vein becomes the axillary vein at the lower margin of the teres major the axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein as it crosses superior of rib 1
39
what does the cephalic vein pass through?
the clavipectoral fascia at the clavipectoral triangle
40
what are the borders of the clavipectoral triangle?
superior: clavicle medial: lateral border of pec major lateral: medial border of delta
41
what is the site to palpate the coracoid process?
the clavipectoral triangle
42
axillary nerve
quadrangular space deltoid and teres minor passes around surgical neck of humerus motor: teres minor and deltoids sensory: superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
43
radial nerve
triangular interval posterior (extensor) compartment diagonally around the posterior humerus in the radial groove motor: triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus deep branch of radial nerve (post interosseous nerve): supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus sensory: inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve, posterior brachial cutaneous nerve, posterior antibrachial cutaneous nerve, superficial branch (post, dorsal hand; dorsal digital branch of radial nerve)
44
ulnar nerve
intrinsic hand muscles posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus flexors in the forearm: flexor carpi ulnaris and medial side of flexor digitorum
45
musculocutaneous nerve
motor: corocobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis sensory: lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve (lateral forearm)
46
median nerve
motor: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris Longus, flexor digitorum superficialis anterior interosseous nerve: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus (lateral side only), pronator quadratus palmar digital nerves: 1st and 2nd lumbricals recurrent branch (muscles of thenar eminence): abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponents pollicis sensory: cutaneous branch (proximal thumb) and palmar digital nerves (lateral aspect of head)
47
48
superficial veins
superficial fascia access to patients's vascular system dorsal venous network of hand (dorsal metacarpal and dorsal digital veins)
49
branches of superficial veins
cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins
50
what are the arteries of the axilla?
axillary artery: superior thoracic artery, thoraco-acromial artery, lateral thoracic artery, subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, and posterior circumflex artery brachial artery (continuation of axillary artery then into radial and ulnar arteries) profunda brachii artery (branch of brachial)
51
arteries of the anterior compartment
brachial artery into radial and ulnar arteries
52
what is the only attachment b/w the trunk and upper limb?
the clavicle
53
infraglenoid tubercle
attachment of triceps brachii
54
supraglenoid tubercle
attachment of long head of biceps brachii
55
spinoglenoid notch
connects supra/infraspinous fossa suprascapular artery and nerve
56
suprascapular notch
converted to foramen by superior transverse scapular ligament suprascapular nerves and vessels
57
costal surface of the scapula
subscapular fossa and subscapular muscle makes scapulothoracic joint
58
attachments of the coracoid process
pec minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii, and coracoclavicular ligament
59
attachments of the greater tubercle
supraspinatus (superior facet), infraspinous (middle facet), and teres minor (inferior facet)
60
attachments of the lesser tubercle
subscapularis
61
attachment of the lateral lip of the bicipital groove
pec major
62
attachment of the medial lip of the bicipital groove
teres major
63
attachment of the floor of the bicipital groove
lats
64
surgical neck of the humerus
weak point-common fracture axillary nerve, and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass around
65
capitulum
lateral articulates with the radius not viewable posterior
66
trochlea
medial articulates with the ulna pulley shaped extends to posterior side
67
medial epicondyle
flexors attachment (anterior forearm compartment) ulnar nerve passes around posterior surface
68
lateral epicondyle
attachment of extensors (posterior compartment of forearm) less pronounced than medial epicondyle
69
radial fossa
superior of capitulum head of radius when elbow is flexed
70
coronoid fossa
anterior superior of trochlea coronoid process of ulna when elbow is flexed
71
olecranon fossa
posterior superior of trochlea olecranon during elbow extension
72
radial head
proximal
73
ulnar head
distal
74
radial notch
articulates with radial head
75
trochlear notch
articulates with trochlea
76
coronoid process
inferior part of trochlear notch lateral side of radial notch
77
supinator crest
origin of supinator muscle of lateral side posterior border of supinator fossa
78
tuberosity of the ulna
attachment of the brachialis muscle
79
radius shaft
narrow proximally and broad distally
80
is the radial or ulnar styloid process more distal?
the radial styloid process is more distal than the ulnar styloid process
81
distal facets of the radius articulate with what?
the scaphoid and lunate
82
ulnar shaft
broad proximally and narrow distally
83
what provides stability of the GH joint?
rotator cuff muscles long head of biceps brachii ligaments
84
subtendinous bursa of the subscap (subscapular bursa)
b/w subscap and fibrous membrane
85
the fibrous membrane thickens to form what?
superior, middle, and inferior GH ligaments coracohumeral ligament transverse humeral ligament medial and lateral collateral ligaments
86
3 articulations at the elbow
trochlear notch and trochlea (flexion/extension) head of radius and capitulum (flexion/extension) head of radius and radial notch (pronation/supination)
87
fat pads separate what?
the synovial membrane from the fibrous membrane
88
what moves fat pads out of the way during flexion/extension?
the tendons of the brachialis and triceps brachii
89
superficial/subcutaneous olecranon bursa
b/w olecranon and subcutaneous tissue
90
what is the sacciform recess?
pocket of synovial membrane that protrudes from the inferior joint capsule facilitates rotation of head of radius during pronation/supination
91
distal radioulnar joint
head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius and fibrous articular disc separating RU joint from wrist
92
what makes up the lateral carpal arch?
tubercles of trapezium and scaphoid
93
what makes up the medial carpal arch?
pisiform and hood of hamate
94
what makes up the anterior carpal arch?
flexor retinaculum attaches to and spans b/w lateral and medial sides
95
CMC joints
b/w carpals and base of metacarpals plane joints 1 trapeziometacarpal joint-saddle joint b/w trapezium and metacarpal 1 (allows opposition)
96
MCP joints
b/w head of metacarpals and base of proximal phalanges condylar joints flex/extend, add/abduct, circumduction
97
PIP joints
b/w head of proximal phalanges and base of middle phalanges
98
DIP joints
b/w head of middle phalanges and base of distal phalanges
99
can the hand adduct or abduct more?
the hand can adduct (ulnar deviate) more than abduct (radial deviate)
100
radial collateral ligament
b/w radial styloid process and scaphoid and trapezium
101
ulnar collateral ligament
b/w ulnar styloid process and triquetrum and pisiform
102
carpal tunnel
anterior wrist carpal bones and flexor retinaculum lateral base: tubercles of schaphoid and trapezium medial base: pisiform and hood of hamate
103
what converts the carpal arch into the carpal tunnel?
the flexor retinaculum
104
what goes through the carpal tunnel?
median nerve tendon of flexor pollicis longus 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
105
the palmaris brevis overlies what set of muscles?
the hypothenar muscles
106
anatomical snuffbox
lateral: tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis medial: tendon of extensor pollicis longus floor: schaphoid and trapezium radial artery passes through
107
muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm
flexors musculocutaneous nerve coracobrachialis pierced by musculocutaneous nerve biceps brachii deep layer mostly innervated by anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) flexor digitorum superficialis
108
deep layer of muscles in posterior compartment of forearm
innervated by posterior interosseous nerve mostly originate on interosseous membrane
109
superficial layer of muscles in posterior compartment of forearm
extension lateral epicondyle and supercondylar ridge extensor retinaculum radial nerve-posterior interosseous branch
110
what are the intrinsic hand muscles?
hypothenar muscles, thenar muscles, lumbricals, and interossei compartments
111
what are the lumbricals?
lateral 2: innervated by dorsal digital branch of median nerve medial 2: innervated by ulnar nerve
112
interossei compartments
DAB: dorsal abduct digits 2-4 PAD: palmar adduct all digits except 3 innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve

DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology (12 decks)

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