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DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology > Exam 2 Muscles > Flashcards

Exam 2 Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

pectoralis major

A

origin: medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, first seven costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique

insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

function: adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint

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2
Q

subclavius

A

origin: rib I at junction between rib and costal cartilage

insertion: groove on inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

innervation: nerve to subclavius

function: pulls clavicle medially to stabilize sternoclavicular joint; depresses tip of shoulder

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3
Q

pectoralis minor

A

origin: anterior surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces

insertion: coracoid process of scapula

innervation: medial pectoral nerves

function: depresses tip of shoulder; protracts scapula

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4
Q

external intercostal

A

superior attachment: inferior margin of rib above

inferior attachment: superior margin of rib below

innervation: intercostal nerves; T1–T11

function: most active during inspiration; supports intercostal space; moves ribs superiorly

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5
Q

internal intercostals

A

superior attachment: lateral edge of costal groove of rib above

inferior attachment: superior margin of rib below deep to the attachment of the related external intercostal

innervation: intercostal nerves; T1–T11

function: most active during expiration; supports intercostal space; moves ribs inferiorly

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6
Q

innermost intercostal

A

superior attachment: medial edge of costal groove of rib above

inferior attachment: internal aspect of superior margin of rib below

innervation: intercostal nerves; T1–T11

function: acts with internal intercostal muscles

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7
Q

subcostales

A

superior attachment: internal surface (near angle) of lower ribs

inferior attachment: internal surface of second or third rib below

innervation: related intercostal nerves

function: may depress ribs

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8
Q

transversus thoracis

A

superior attachment: inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of second to sixth ribs

inferior attachment: inferior aspect of deep surface of body of sternum, xiphoid process, and costal cartilages of ribs 4–7

innervation: related intercostal nerves

function: depresses costal cartilages

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9
Q

psoas major

A

origin: lateral surface of bodies of T12 and L1 to L5 vertebrae, transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, and the intervertebral discs between T12 and L1 to L5 vertebrae

insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

innervation: anterior rami of L1 to L3

function: flexion of thigh at hip joint

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10
Q

psoas minor

A

origin: lateral surface of bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc

insertion: pectineal line of the pelvic brim and iliopubic eminence

innervation: anterior rami of L1

function: weak flexion of lumbar vertebral column

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11
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

origin: transverse process of L5 vertebra, iliolumbar ligament, and iliac crest

insertion: transverse processes of L1 to L4 vertebrae and inferior border of rib 12

innervation: anterior rami of T12 and L1 to L4

function: depress and stabilize rib 12 and some lateral bending of trunk

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12
Q

illiacus

A

origin: upper two-thirds of iliac fossa, anterior sacro-iliac and iliolumbar ligaments, and upper lateral surface of sacrum

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

innervation: femoral nerve (L2 to L4)

function: flexion of thigh at hip joint

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13
Q

external oblique

A

origin: muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower eight ribs (ribs 5 to 12)

insertion: lateral lip of iliac crest; aponeurosis ending in midline raphe (linea alba)

innervation: anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)

function: compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk to same side

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14
Q

internal oblique

A

origin: thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest between attachments of external oblique and transversus abdominis; lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament

insertion: inferior border of the lower three or four ribs; aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest and pectineal line

innervation: anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves (L1)

function: compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk to same side

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15
Q

transversus abdominus

A

origin: thoracolumbar fascia; medial lip of iliac crest; lateral one-third of inguinal ligament; costal cartilages lower six ribs (ribs 7 to 12)

insertion: aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest and pectineal line

innervation: anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves (L1)

action: compress abdominal contents

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16
Q

rectus abdominis

A

origin: pubic crest, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysis

insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 5 to 7; xiphoid process

innervation: anterior rami of lower seven thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)

function: compress abdominal contents; flex vertebral column; tense abdominal wall

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17
Q

pyramidalis

A

origin: front of pubis and pubic symphysis

insertion: into linea alba

innervation: anterior ramus of T12

function: tenses the linea alba

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18
Q

obturator internus

A

origin: anterolateral wall of true pelvis (deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone)

insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

innervation: nerve to obturator internus L5, SI

function: lateral rotation and abduction of hip joint

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19
Q

piriformis

A

origin: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina

insertion: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur

innervation: nerve to piriformis SI, S2

function: lateral rotation and abduction of hip joint

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20
Q

pubococcygeus

A

origin: pubis

insertion: midline at anococcygeal ligament

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21
Q

puborectalis

A

origin: pubis

insertion: forms sling around rectum

function: maintains the perineal flexure (angle) at anorectal junction; helps close off GI tract

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22
Q

illiococcygeus

A

origin: fascia covering obturator internus, tendinous arch and ischial spine

insertion: pubococcygeus on other side at midline at anococcygeal ligament

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23
Q

coccygeus

A

origin: ischial spine and pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament

insertion: lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum

innervation: branches from the anterior rami of S3 and S4

function: contributes to the formation of the pelvic floor, which supports the pelvic viscera; pulls coccyx forward after defecation

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24
Q

levator ani (group)

A

origin: in a line around the pelvic wall beginning on the posterior aspect of the pubic bone and extending across the obturator internus muscle as a tendinous arch (thickening of the obturator internus fascia) to the ischial spine

insertion: the anterior part is attached to the superior surface of the perineal membrane; the posterior part meets its partner on the other side at the perineal body, around the anal canal, and along the anococcygeal ligament

innervation: branches direct from the anterior ramus of S4, and by the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)

function: contributes to the formation of the pelvic floor, which supports the pelvic viscera; maintains an angle between the rectum and anal canal; reinforces the external anal sphincter and, in women, functions as a vaginal sphincter

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25
external urethral sphincter
origin: inf ramus of pubis on each side and adjacent walls of deep perineal pouch insertion: surrounds membranous part of urethra innervation: perineal branches of pudendal nerve (S2-S4) function: compresses the membranous urethra; relaxes during micturition
26
deep transverse perineal
origin: medial aspect of ischial ramus insertion: perineal body innervation: perineal branches of pudendal nerve (S2-S4) function: stabilizes the position of the perineal body
27
compressor urethrae (in women only)
origin: ishiopubo ramus on each side insertion: blends with partner on other side anterior to the urethra innervation: perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) function: functions as an accessory sphincter of the urethra
28
sphincter urethrovaginalis (only in women)
origin: perineal body insertion: passes forward lateral to the vagina to blend with partner on other side anterior to the urethra innervation: perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) function: functions as an accessory sphincter of the urethra (may also facilitate closing the vagina)
29
ischiocavernosus muscles
cover crura of penis and clitoris anchored to ischial tuberosity forces blood from crus to body of erect penis and clitoris
30
bulbospongiosus muscles
women: - anchored to perineal body - travels over bulb of vestibule men: -joined at midline to raphe anchored to perineal membrane - cover each side of bulb of penis - attach to perineal membrane - facilitate emptying of urethra - contract during ejaculation to expel semen
31
piriformis
origin: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina insertion: greater trochanter of femur innervation: nerve to piriformis branches from S1 and S2 function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
32
obturator internus
origin: deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone insertion: greater trochanter of femur innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
33
gamellus superior
origin: ischial spine insertion: greater trochanter innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
34
gamellus inferior
origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: greater trochanter innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
35
quadratus femoris
origin: ischium just anterior to the ischial tuberosity insertion: quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the proximal femur innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) function: laterally rotates femur at hip joint
36
gluteus minimus
origin: ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines insertion: anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) function: abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh
37
gluteus medius
origin: ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines insertion: lateral surface of the greater trochanter innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) function: abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh
38
gluteus maximus
origin: fascia covering gluteus medius, ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament insertion: posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) function: powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint; laterally rotates and abducts thigh
39
tensor fascia latae
origin: crest of ilium between anterior superior iliac spine and tubercle of the crest insertion: iliotibial tract of fascia lata innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) function: stabilizes the knee in extension
40
psoas major
origin: posterior abdominal wall (lumbar transverse processes, intervertebral discs, and adjacent bodies from T12 to L5 and tendinous arches between these points) insertion: lesser trochanter of femur innervation: anterior rami (L1, L2, L3) function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint
41
illiacus
origin: posterior abdominal wall (iliac fossa) insertion: lesser trochanter of femur innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3) function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint
42
vastus medialis
origin: femur—medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) function: extends the leg at the knee joint
43
vastus intermedius
origin: femur—upper two-thirds of anterior and lateral surfaces insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon, lateral margin of patella, and lateral condyle of tibia innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) function: extends the leg at the knee joint
44
vastus lateralis
origin: femur—lateral part of intertrochanteric line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) function: extends the leg at the knee joint
45
rectus femoris
origin: straight head originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head originates from the ilium just superior to the acetabulum insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint
46
sartorius
origin: anterior superior iliac spine insertion: medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3) function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint and flexes the leg at the knee joint
47
gracilis
origin: body of the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium insertion: medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia innervation: obturator nerve (L2, L3) function: adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint
48
pectineus
origin: pectineal line (pecten pubis) and adjacent bone of pelvis insertion: pectineal line of femur innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3) function: adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint
49
adductor longus
origin: body of pubis insertion: linea aspera on middle one-third of shaft of femur innervation: obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2, L3, L4) function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
50
adductor brevis
origin: body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus insertion: posterior surface of proximal femur and upper one-third of linea aspera innervation: obturator nerve (L2, L3) function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
51
adductor magnus (adductor part)
origin: ischiopubic ramus insertion: posterior surface of proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line innervation: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
52
adductor magnus (hamstring part)
origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: adductor tubercle innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial division) (L2, L3, L4)
53
obturator externus
origin: external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone insertion: trochanteric fossa innervation: obturator nerve (posterior division) (L3, L4) function: laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
54
biceps femoris
origin: long head—ischial tuberosity; short head—lateral lip of linea aspera insertion: head of fibula innervation: sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) function: flexes leg at knee joint; extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint
55
semitendinosus
origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia innervation: sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
56
semimembranosus
origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: medial tibial condyle innervation: sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
57
gastrocnemeus
origin: medial head—posterior femur superior to medial condyle; lateral head—superior of lateral femoral condyle insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus innervation: tibial nerve (S1, S2) function: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
58
plantaris
origin: lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus innervation: tibial nerve (S1, S2) function: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
59
soleus
origin: soleal line and medial border of tibia; fibular head and adjacent bone insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus innervation: tibial nerve (S1, S2) function: plantarflexes the foot
60
popliteus
origin: lateral femoral condyle insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia innervation: tibial nerve (L4 to S1) function: closed chain = lateral rotation of femur on tibia open chain = medially rotates tibia
61
flexor hallicus longus
origin: posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe innervation: tibial nerve (S2, S3) function: flexes great toe
62
flexor digitorum longus
origin: posterior surface of the tibia insertion: plantar surfaces of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes innervation: tibial nerve (S2, S3) function: flexes lateral four toes
63
tibialis posterior
origin: posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula insertion: navicular and medial cuneiform innervation: tibial nerve (L4, L5) function: inversion and plantarflexion of foot; support of medial arch of foot during walking
64
fibularis longus
origin: upper lateral surface of head and shaft of fibula insertion: plantar side of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1 innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) function: eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports arches of foot
65
fibularis brevis
origin: lower two-thirds of lateral surface of shaft of fibula insertion: lateral base of metatarsal 5 innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) function: eversion of foot
66
tibialis anterior
origin: lateral tibia and interosseous membrane insertion: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1 innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4, L5) function: dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint; inversion of foot; dynamic support of medial arch of foot
67
extensor hallicus longus
origin: middle one-half of medial fibula and interosseous membrane insertion: via dorsal digital expansion (extensor hood) to distal phalanx of great toe innervation: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) function: extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot
68
extensor digitorum longus
origin: proximal one-half of fibula and lateral tibial condyle insertion: via dorsal digital expansions (extensor hoods) into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes innervation: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) function: extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot
69
fibularis turtius
origin: distal part of medial fibula insertion: dorsal surface of metatarsal 5 innervation: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) function: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
70
extensor digitorum brevis
origin: superolateral surface of the calcaneus insertion: tendons of extensor digitorum longus of toes 2 to 4 innervation: deep fibular nerve (S1, S2) function: extension of toes 2 to 4
71
extensor hallicus brevis
origin: superolateral surface of calcaneus insertion: base of proximal phalanx of great toe innervation: deep fibular nerve (S1, S2) function: extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe
72
abductor hallicus
origin: calcaneal tuberosity insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe innervation: medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3) function: abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
73
flexor digitorum brevis
origin: calcaneal tuberosity insertion: plantar surface of middle phalanges of lateral four toes innervation: medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3) function: flexes lateral four toes at proximal interphalangeal joint
74
abductor digiti minimi
origin: calcaneal tuberosity insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe innervation: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3) function: abducts little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
75
quadratus plantae
origin: medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity insertion: tendon of flexor digitorum longus innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3) function: assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toes 2 to 5
76
lumbricals
origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus insertion: extensor hoods of toes 2-5 innervation: first lumbrical—medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve; second, third, and fourth lumbricals—lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S2, S3) function: resist excessive extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints
77
flexor hallicus brevis
origin: cuboid and lateral cuneiform; tibialis posterior tendon insertion: proximal phalanx of the great toe innervation: medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1, S2) function: flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe
78
adductor hallicus
origin: transverse head—metatarsophalangeal joints of lateral three toes; oblique head—bases of metatarsals 2 to 4 insertion: proximal phalanx of great toe innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3) function: adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
79
flexor digiti minimi
origin: base of metatarsal 5 insertion: proximal phalanx of little toe innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3) function: flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
80
dorsal interossei
origin: sides of adjacent metatarsals insertion: extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes 2 to 4 innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2-S3) function: abduction of toes 2 to 4 at metatarsophalangeal joints
81
plantar interossei
origin: medial sides of metatarsals of toes 3 to 5 insertion: extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes 3 to 5 innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3) function: adduction of toes 3 to 5 at metatarsophalangeal joints

DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology (12 decks)

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