bacteria Flashcards by a a

bacteria is

most common and most ancient

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how long ago did bacteria form?

3.5 billion years ago

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how many types of bacteria species

thousands of species

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where is it found?

5m deep soil, fresh/salt water, air, animals+plants bodies, glaciers, extreme environments

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size range

500-10,000mm

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what kingdom?

Monera (Archaebacteria and Eubacteria)

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The “true bacteria”

Eubacteria

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Eubacteria

The “true bacteria”

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what do eubacteria cells have?

peptiodoglycan

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peptidoglycan

very tough protein/carbohydrate compound

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which has more peptidoglycan?

gram+

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are there more archaebacteria or eubacteria?

eubacteria

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how is eubacteria classified?

shape, size, response to gram stain and genetic characteristics

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gram+

purple

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purple

gram+

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gram-

pink

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pink

gram-

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Archaebacteria

the ancient bacteria

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the ancient bacteria

archaebacteria

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do archaebacteria genes resemble genes?

yes

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do archaebacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan?

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where are archaebacteria found?

extreme environments, ex. swamps, salt lakes, hot springs

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methanogens

get energy from turning h2 and co2 to methane gas ch4

o2 is poisonous to them

lives where o2 is absent (swamps, sewage, intestinal tracts of animals)

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get energy from turning h2 and co2 to methane gas ch4

o2 is poisonous to them

lives where o2 is absent (swamps, sewage, intestinal tracts of animals)

methanogens

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extreme halophiles

“salt – loving” * Thrive in salty places * They use salt to produce ATP

extreme halophiles

Thermoacidophiles

“heat/acid – loving” * Thrive in extremely acidic places that have high temperatures (2300 F and pH< 2) * Occur at volcanic or hydrothermal vents, hot springs and cracks in the ocean floor.

“heat/acid – loving” * Thrive in extremely acidic places that have high temperatures (2300 F and pH< 2) * Occur at volcanic or hydrothermal vents, hot springs and cracks in the ocean floor. TYPES OF ARCHAEBACTERIA

Thermoacidophiles

coccus

spherical shaped cells

coccus

diplococcus

cells joined in pairs

diplococcus

Staphlococcus

cells arranged in clusters

straphlococcus

streptococcus

cells arranged in filaments

streptococcus

tetrad

four cells arranged in a square

tetrad

baccillus

rod shaped cells

baccilus

Diplobacillus

cells joined in pairs

Diplobacillus

streptobacillus

cells arranged in a filament

streptobacillus

spirillum

spiral shaped cells

spirillum

most bacteria has a __ + ___ + ____

cell wall, membrane and cytoplasm

prokaryotes lack what

all lack a nuclear membrane and organelles

what do some backteria have?

endospores and capsules (slime layer

endospore

thick though envelope that covers bacteria and protects it against harsh environments like heat and drought

endospore

DNA shape

single circular structure

capsules

slime layer that assists the cell in attaching to other mediums which is the key to virulence

capsule

Virulence

those bacteria that cause disease/infection

forms with capsule

virulent

forms without capsule

not-virulent

pili

short hairs that aide in attachment and DNA transfer

glycocalyx

fuzzy / sticky capsule forms for host attachment

flagella

one, few or many which aide in movement

optimum tempeture

26-28

likes what?

temp, moist, darkness, food source

autotrophs

able to make their own food

chemosynthesis

breaks down chemicals for energy

chemautotrophs

prob first living things

hetertrophs

most depend upon other living things

example of hetertrophs

saprophytes, parasites

saprophyte

live off dead organic matter

parasites

invade bodies of plants and animals

binary fission

splits into two (asexual)

conjugation

trades DNA, sexual through pili

Exotoxin

proteins made and secreted by living gram (+) bacteria

Exotoxin

Endotoxins

made of lipids and carbo’s by dead gram (-) bacteria

Endotoxins

how do antibiotics work

Interfere with cellular functions

penicillin

cell wall synthesis

tetracycline

interferes with bacteria protein synthesis

can be resistant by

cell walls blocking passage of antibiotic or secreting defensive enzymes that breakdown antibiotics

can do what

food, clean up chemicals, mine minerals, insecticides

possible food preservation

kills and prevents oxygen, dehydrating/salting, refrigeration`

bacteria Flashcards

(81 cards)