mutations

Question 1

germ cell mutations

Answer 1

occurs only in sex cells; passed on to offsprings

Question 2

germ cells

Answer 2

sex cells

Question 3

sex cells

Answer 3

germ cells

Question 4

turner’s syndrom

Answer 4

germ cell mutations

Question 5

somatic cell

Answer 5

body cells

Question 6

body cells

Answer 6

somatic cells

Question 7

somatic cell mutation

Answer 7

occurs in body cells; passed on to daughter cell through mitosis

Question 8

cancer tumours

Answer 8

somatic cell mutations

Question 9

chromosome mutations

Answer 9

occurs during cell division
changes in structure of chromosome or loss occurs

Question 10

occurs during cell division
changes in structure of chromosome or loss occurs

Answer 10

chromosome mutations

Question 11

chromosome deletion

Answer 11

a piece of the chromosome breaks off

Question 12

a piece of the chromosome breaks off

Answer 12

chromosome deletion

Question 13

Inversion

Answer 13

a piece of the chromosome
breaks off and reattaches itself in
reverse order.

Question 14

a piece of the chromosome
breaks off and reattaches itself in
reverse order.

Answer 14

Inversion

Question 15

translocation

Answer 15

a broken piece from one chromosome attaches itself to a non-homologous chromosome

Question 16

a broken piece from one chromosome attaches itself to a non-homologous chromosome

Answer 16

translocation

Question 17

Nondisjunction

Answer 17

occurs when a replicated chromosome pair fails to separate during cell meiosis.

Question 18

occurs when a replicated chromosome pair fails to separate during cell meiosis.

Answer 18

Nondisjunction

Question 19

gene mutation

Answer 19

when a nitrogen base or bases are altered
results in changes in amino acid sequences

Question 20

when a nitrogen base or bases are altered
results in changes in amino acid sequences

Answer 20

gene mutation

Question 21

point mutation

Answer 21

the substitution, addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base.

Question 22

the substitution, addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base.

Answer 22

point mutation

Question 23

Frame Shift Mutation

Answer 23

a specific type of point mutation where the addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base causes the genetic message to be read out of sequence.

Question 24

a specific type of point mutation where the addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base causes the genetic message to be read out of sequence.

Answer 24

Frame Shift Mutation

Question 25

Mutation caused by (general)

Answer 25

environmental factors that damage DNA

Question 26

environmental factors that damage DNA

Answer 26

Mutagens

Question 27

Mutagens

Answer 27

environmental factors that damage DNA

Question 28

Mutation caused by (specific)

Answer 28

UV light, cigarette tars, asbestos, viruses, pollution, certain chemicals, nuclear radiation

Question 29

What causes both mutations?

Answer 29

Somatic and germ cell mutations

Question 30

Karyotype

Answer 30

A karyotype is a spread of paired homologous chromosomes from the cell of a person. It is used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities that cause Down’s, Kleinfelter’s and Turner’s syndrome. It can also be used to positively ID the gender of a developing fetus.

Question 31

__________ is a spread of paired homologous chromosomes from the cell of a person. It is used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities that cause Down’s, Kleinfelter’s and Turner’s syndrome. It can also be used to positively ID the gender of a developing fetus.

Answer 31

karyotype

Question 32

is the small germ chromosome

Answer 32

Y

Question 33

is the big germ chromosome

Answer 33

X

Question 34

Males

Answer 34

XY

Question 35

Females

Answer 35

XX

Question 36

Downs

Answer 36

3 21's

Question 37

turners

Answer 37

only X

Question 38

klinfelters

Answer 38

XXY

Question 39

XY

Answer 39

male

Question 40

XX

Answer 40

female

Question 41

3 21s

Answer 41

Down's

Question 42

trisomy 21

Answer 42

Downs

Question 43

X

Answer 43

Turners

Question 44

XXY

Answer 44

Kleinfelters

Question 45

hemophilia

Answer 45

sex-linked recessive

Question 46

Multiple allele

Answer 46

three or more allele of one gene produce a single trait (ex. blood type)

Question 47

Sex-influenced traits

Answer 47

the presence of horomones can influence the phenotype (outcome) of a spesific trait. FOund on somatic chromsoomes

Question 48

codominate allel and sickle cell

Answer 48

A codominant allele that produces sickle shaped blood cells. AA = normal, AA' = both normal and sickle cells, A'A' = sickle cells only. Sickle cells cause clogged capillaries causing a flow blockage to oxygen to the rest of the body. Furthermore, it produces fatigue, headaches, cramps and leads to organ failure [AA = normal AB = mild case BB = serious case]

Question 49

Huntington's disease

Answer 49

single dominite allele trait that effects thoese in their 30s 40s

Question 50

nondisjunction

Answer 50

failure of a set of chromosomes to seperate. results in extra or insufficent chromosomes in a cell

Question 51

three or more allele of one gene produce a single trait (ex. blood type)

Answer 51

multiple allele

Question 52

the presence of horomones can influence the phenotype (outcome) of a spesific trait. FOund on somatic chromsoomes

Answer 52

sex-influenced trait

Question 53

single dominite allele trait that effects thoese in their 30s 40s

Answer 53

Huntington's disease

Question 54

failure of a set of chromosomes to seperate. results in extra or insufficent chromosomes in a cell

Answer 54

non-disjunction