Flashcards in Bacteria Deck (26)
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Bacteria
Single cell organisms
Able to grow, repair themselves, feed, and breathe
Prokaryotic
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Prokaryotic cells
Small, primitive cells
No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles(internal compartments)
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5 kingdom
Kingdom monera
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6 kingdom
Kingdom eubacteria
Kingdom archaebacteria
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Shapes of bacteria cells
Coccus (round)
Bacillus (rod-shaped)
Spirilles (spiral)
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Reproduction in monerans
Binary fission and conjugation
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Binary fission
Cell replicates it’s DNA and splits in 2. Results are 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to parent cell
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Conjugation
2 cells pair up. One transfers some of its DNA to other cell. Results are the recipient is a genetic mixture of the 2 cells.
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Autotrophs
Make their own food (organic molecules) from inorganic substances
Eg. Photosynthesis
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Glucose
Can be used to store energy or converted into other types of organic molecules (starch, protein, vitamins, DNA)
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Chemosynthesis
Similar to photosynthesis
Chemical energy rather than light is used to make glucose
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Heterotrophs
Can’t make their own food, must feed off of others.
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Types of heterotrophs
Saprophytes
Decomposers
Parasites
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Saprophytes
Absorb organic molecules from their surrounding
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Decomposers
Release digestive enzymes into their surrounding. These break down large organic molecules.
(Recycle)
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Parasites
Feed off of a living host cell
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Ways of extracting energy from food molecules
Cellular respiration (aerobic metabolism)
Fermentation (a aerobic metabolism)
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Cellular respiration (aerobic metabolism)
Uses oxygen to break down glucose and other organic molecules. (releases useful energy from food molecules that could be used to power cell activities)
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Equation for cellular respiration
Opposite of photosynthesis
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Fermentation (anaerobic metabolism)
Can break down food molecules without oxygen.
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Disadvantages of fermentation
1. Produces far less energy than cellular respiration
2. Creates toxic end products such as ethanol (alcohol), acetic acid, or lactic acid
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Obligate aerobes
Organisms that must have oxygen in order to survive
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Obligate anaerobes
Must live in an oxygen free environment
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Facultative anaerobes
Can live with or without oxygen
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Harmful bacteria
1. STD (chlamydia)
2. Food poisoning (salmonella)
3. Numerous other diseases (plague)
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