Bacteria: Gram Negative Bacilli - Respiratory Tract Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

List the three gram negative bacilli of the respiratory tract

A
  1. Bordetella pertusis
  2. Haemophilius infleunza
  3. Legionella Pneumophilia
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2
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A
  1. gram-negative

2. bacterium

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3
Q

Bordetella pertussis bacteria have f

A

ilamentous hemagglutinin, an adhesin that binds to respiratory epithelium of hosts

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4
Q

The pertussis toxin of Bordetella pertussis

A

ribosylates Gi proteins, disabling them (leading to an overproduction of cAMP)

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5
Q

In Pertussis cAMP is overproduced due to

A

the deactivation of inhibitory Gi proteins by the pertussis toxin of Bordetella pertussis

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6
Q

Massive lymphocytosis results due to the

A

ribosylation (deactivation) of inhibitory Gi proteins by the pertussis toxin of Bordetella pertussis (which blocks signaling via the chemokine receptors of lymphocytes, disabling lymphocyte entry into lymphoid tissue)

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7
Q

In Bordetella pertussis the mechanism of the adenylate cyclase toxin

A

(mimics adenylate cyclase → increase in cAMP) of Bordetella pertussis is identical to that of the edema factor protein of Bacillus anthracis

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8
Q

The tracheal cytotoxin of Bordetella pertussis

A

destroys ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

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9
Q

The second stage of Bordetella pertussis infection (the paroxysmal stage)

A

can last from 2-6 weeks or longer and presents with a characteristic “whooping” cough

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10
Q

A Bordetella pertussis infection

A

A Bordetella pertussis infection (which consists of three stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent) can last for months and is sometimes referred to as the “100-day” cough

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11
Q

Treatment of pertussis

A

macrolides are effective against Bordetella pertussis, but are not as useful for improving symptoms once bacterial toxins are already circulating throughout the body

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12
Q

Whooping cough is transmitted via

A

respiratory droplets

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13
Q

The DTaP vaccine includes

A

acellular Bordetella pertussis antigens and is typically administered in childhood to prevent whooping cough

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14
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A
  1. gram negative

2. coccobacilli

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15
Q

______ ______ is the standard culture medium for growth of Haemophilus influenzae

A

chocolate agar

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16
Q

What is required for growth of Haemophilus influenzae

A
  1. factor V (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

2. factor X (hematin)

17
Q

Haemophilus influenzae is transmitted via

A

respiratory droplets

18
Q

Haemophilus influenzae infection can lead to

A
  1. epiglottitis
  2. Otitis Media
  3. meningitis
19
Q

In H. influenzae the epiglottis is often described as a

A

cherry red epiglottis

20
Q

Epiglottitis from H. influenzae presents with

A
  1. dysphagia
  2. drooling
  3. inspiratory stridor
21
Q

Haemophilus influenzae strains with the type b capsule can cause

22
Q

Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b leads to

A

classic symptoms of headache and neck stiffness (meningismus)

23
Q

sickle cell and asplenic patients are at a higher risk of infection from

A

encapsulated bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae

24
Q

the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine should be administered to

A

infants to prevent serious infection

25
the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine includes an
Hib polysaccharide antigen conjugated to diphtheria toxoid
26
the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine is administered to infants in
a series of vaccinations between the ages of 2-18 months
27
______ is used to treat Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis or systemic disease
ceftriaxone
28
_____ prophylaxis is given to close contacts of children with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection
rifampin
29
Legionella pneumophila bacteria stain
weakly gram-negative and require a silver stain for proper visualization
30
What is the primary medium used to culture Legionella Pneumophilia bacteria
buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar is the primary medium used to culture Legionella pneumophila bacteria
31
______ and ______ are required for the growth of Legionella pneumophila bacteria
cysterine and iron
32
Pontiac fever is an
acute, self-limiting respiratory disease that presents with mild flu-like symptoms
33
smoking is a risk factor for
Legionnaires’ disease
34
chest X-ray in Legionnaires’ disease often shows
patchy unilobar infiltrates that progress to consolidation
35
patients with Legionnaires’ disease may present with
1. hyponatremia 2. neurological symptoms such as headache and confusion 3. diarrhea (pneumonia with diarrhea is highly suggestive of Legionnaires’ disease)
36
patients with Legionnaires’ disease may develop
a high fever (usually > 39°C)
37
Legionella pneumophila infection is diagnosed using a
urine antigen test
38
______ are effective against Legionella pneumophila
1. macrolides | 2. fluoroquinolones
39
Legionella pneumophila bacteria are
1. oxidase positive 2. weakly gram negative 3. bacilli