Bacterial cell division 2

Question 1

Bacterial chromosome segregation mechanisms

Answer 1

Bacterial partitioning system (ParAB/parS)
Bulk chromosome segregation
FtsK

Question 2

True or false. Chromosomes separate as dna replication occurs

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is bacterial partitioning system

Answer 3

(ParAB/parS)

Question 4

Bulk chromosome segregation

Answer 4

is how bacterial maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes

Question 5

FtsK

Answer 5

Septum-located DNA translocase

Motor that converts chemical energy (hydrolysis of ATP) into movement of DNA substrate

Question 6

Peptidoglycan added without compromising cell wall during cell division
How?

Answer 6

new material is added to the inner face of the wall not at the poles

Question 7

what gives the bacteria structural support

Answer 7

peptidoglycan cell wall

disaccharides and amino acids

Question 8

what do antibiotics often target

Answer 8

bacterial cell wall

Question 9

what builds new peptidoglycans at mid cell

Answer 9

spherical cells

Question 10

spherical cells only form new peptidoglycans

Answer 10

for septum at mid cell

Question 11

what does the septum lead to

Answer 11

one daughter cell having an old and a new cell wall hemisphere

Question 12

what happens during growth but prior to cell division

Answer 12

a new cell wall is made along the sides
not at the pole of the old one.
see slide 12

Question 13

what determines the placement of the new cell wall

Answer 13

position of MreB homologues

Question 14

What happens as division begins

Answer 14

Ft polymerization forms a z ring

new cell wall is confined to mid cell

Question 15

rod shaped daughters cells

Answer 15

are formed with a new pole and old pole

see slide 12

Question 16

Where does peptidoglycan synthesis start

Answer 16

the cytoplasm

Question 17

3 peptidoglycan synthesis

Answer 17

autolysins
bactoprenol
Transpeptidation

Question 18

What is function of autolysins

in peptidoglycan synthesis

Answer 18

enzymes that create small openings

Question 19

Function of bactoprenol in peptidoglycan synthesis

Answer 19

Lipid carrier transports peptidoglycan precursors

Question 20

Function of transpeptidation in peptidoglycan synthesis

Answer 20

Formation of cross-links between peptides on N-acetylmuramic acid residues
Inhibited by penicillin

Question 21

extremophiles

Answer 21

Bacteria and Archaea
Require “extreme” conditions to grow
pH temp or pressure

Question 22

what is normal pH and temp for growth

Answer 22

pH 7, temp 20-40C,

Question 23

hyperthermophile

Answer 23

high temp over 90C, archaea

Question 24

hyperthermophile

Answer 24

very hot loving
high temp over 90C,
archaea, thermovents, Pyrofulus

Question 25

psychrophile

Answer 25

cold loving Antarctica low temp bacteria 0 C, polaramaus

Question 26

alkaliphile

Answer 26

high pH 8-12 , archaea

Question 27

barophile

Answer 27

high pressure over 500 atm

Question 28

barophile

Answer 28

pressure over 500 atm, bacteria, deep ocean

Question 29

Halophile

Answer 29

salt (naCl) between 15-32% to grow | archaea, salterns, halobacterium

Question 30

Which of the following strategies enable non-acidophilic bacteria to endure lower pH environments? A) Presence of internal buffers B) Proton pumps that pump H+ out of the cell C) Synthesis of acid shock proteins that protect other cellular proteins D) All of the choices are correct.

Answer 30

D) all choices are correct

Question 31

``` Organisms that are not drastically affected by increased pressure are called ________. A) barotolerant B) osmotolerant C) barophilic D) osmophilic ```

Answer 31

A) barotolerant | do not need it to grow

Question 32

``` Organisms that require increased pressure for optimum growth are called ________. A) barotolerant B) osmotolerant C) barophilic D) osmophilic ```

Answer 32

C) barophilic | need it to grow

Question 33

``` Organisms that grow near deep-sea volcanic vents are likely to be ________. A) psychrophilic B) psychrotrophic C) mesophilic D) thermophilic ```

Answer 33

D) thermophilic

Question 34

``` Organisms that grow near deep-sea volcanic vents are likely to be ________. A) alkylophilic B) acidophilic C) barophilic or barotolerant D) picrophilic ```

Answer 34

C) barophilic or tolerant due to pressure | if thermophilic answer too

Question 35

``` Organisms that grow in mud under relatively nonturbulent bodies of water are likely to be ________. A) obligate aerobes B) thermophilic C) barophilic D) anaerobes ```

Answer 35

D) anaerobes

Question 36

DNA of thermophiles is stabilized by binding of special nucleoid-associated proteins. T/F

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Membranes of some thermophilic Archaea are stabilized by ether linked phospholipids. T/F

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Organisms that can grow in habitats with low water activity by maintaining a high internal salt concentration are called ________ organisms.

Answer 38

osmotolerant

Question 39

Organisms that require high levels of sodium chloride in order to grow are called ________ organisms.

Answer 39

halophillic

Question 40

Membranes of thermophilic bacteria are stabilized by phospholipids with ________. A) fatty acids that tend to be more saturated B) fatty acids that have lower molecular weights C) fatty acids that have more double bonds D) All of the choices are correct.

Answer 40

A) fatty acids that tend to be more saturated

Question 41

water activity (aw)

Answer 41

measure of water available for use (not bound) | no microbial growth, less than 0.6

Question 42

Osmolarity

Answer 42

number of solute molecules in solution

Question 43

how are osmolarity and water activity related | look at slide 17

Answer 43

inversely if one high, other low one low, other high

Question 44

what is halotolerant

Answer 44

tolerant to growth in increased salt NaCl

Question 45

xerophiles

Answer 45

require low water activity for growth

Question 46

mesophile

Answer 46

moderate loving 15-45 degrees, pathogens

Question 47

thermophillic

Answer 47

hot loving 40-80C compost piles, water lines