Eukaryotic cell cycle part 2

Question 1

What does MITOSIS result in

Answer 1

2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell
(not 4 haploid)

Question 2

What are the six phases of mitosis

look at the animation he has on canvas

Answer 2

IPPMAT
interphase
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
telophase(has cytokinesis in it)

Question 3

What is mitotic spindle

Answer 3

4 different microtubules

Question 4

4 microtubules of mitotic spindle

see figure slide 12

Answer 4

bipolar array of microtubules
interpolar microtubules
kinetochore microtubules
astral microtubules

Question 5

Bipolar array of microtubules of mitotic spindle

Answer 5

+ ends radiate outward

– ends at spindle poles

Question 6

interpolar microtubules

Answer 6

overlap other microtubules

Question 7

kinetochore microtubules

Answer 7

+ end attached to kinetochore

Question 8

astral microtubules

Answer 8

help position spindle in the cell

attached to centrosome

Question 9

4 Microtubule-dependent motor proteins

see slide 12 bottom figure

Answer 9

Kinesin-5 (+ end)
Kinesin-14 (- end)
Kinesins-4/10 (+ end)
Dyneins

Question 10

Kinesin-5 (+end)

Answer 10

push poles apart

Question 11

kinesin-14 (-end)

Answer 11

pull poles together

Question 12

Kinesin-4/10 (+ end)

Answer 12

chromokinesins

Associate with chromosome arms; push away from pole

Question 13

chromokinesins

Answer 13

ability to associate with chromosomes during mitosis

Question 14

dyneins (-end)

Answer 14

pull spindle poles away from each other

Question 15

what is a centrosome

Answer 15

Microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells

Question 16

what is found in centrosome

Answer 16

centrioles (in pairs)

Question 17

what is a centriole

Answer 17

Barrel shaped cylindrical structures in L-shaped configuration
development of spindle fibers in cell division

Question 18

what happens to centrosome

Answer 18

duplicates when cell commits to division

S phase

Question 19

after division how many centrosome are there

Answer 19

2- one at each pole during mitosis

Question 20

what promote bipolar spindle assembly

Answer 20

mitotic chromosomes

Question 21

what do the proteins associated with chromosome do

see slide 13

Answer 21

favor/encourage microtubule nucleation and stabilization

Question 22

centrioles more info

Answer 22

2 bundles of microtubules; found in centrosomes

Question 23

centromere (do not confuse with centrosome)

Answer 23

constricted region of chromosome

Question 24

stages in interphase

Answer 24

G1,S,G2

G1 can have a G0 phase

Question 25

what happens in G1 phase

Answer 25

cell growth | no replication

Question 26

what happens in S phase

Answer 26

dna synthesis

Question 27

what happens in G2

Answer 27

cell growth

Question 28

where does cell spend most of its life

Answer 28

interphase (S)

Question 29

when are chromosome duplicated

Answer 29

during S phase | 2 sister chromatids

Question 30

what things happen in interphase

Answer 30

dna replicated centromere (constricted chromosome) centrioles replicate

Question 31

what happens when centrioles replicate

Answer 31

with Centrosomes Mitotic spindle formation | only in animal cells

Question 32

are chromosome condensed in interphase

Answer 32

NO just constricted

Question 33

when do chromosome condense

Answer 33

prophase

Question 34

during prophase what forms

Answer 34

Mitotic spindle forms between centrosomes | they are not at the ends yet

Question 35

Remember “eukaryotic chromosome organization” slide

Answer 35

find it on powerpoint

Question 36

what holds sister chromatids together during prophase

Answer 36

cohesions the entire length

Question 37

what is the next step in cell cycle at prophase

Answer 37

prometaphase

Question 38

what happens in prometaphase

Answer 38

nuclear envelope breaks down spindle fibers connect to centromeres looks like one at each end

Question 39

where do the spindle fibers connect to the chromosome centromere at

Answer 39

kinetochore

Question 40

what is a spindle fiber

Answer 40

microtubule

Question 41

what is a kinetochore

Answer 41

multilayered protein structure

Question 42

goal of prometaphase

Answer 42

bi-orientation chromosome connect to mitotic spindle make sure one of each chromatid goes to different end

Question 43

How does kinetochore sense correct attachment? | see slide 17

Answer 43

high levels of tension

Question 44

Ndc80 complex

Answer 44

connects microtubule to kinetochore

Question 45

what phase comes after prometaphase

Answer 45

metaphase

Question 46

goal of metaphase | starts with m

Answer 46

Meet in the middle | chromosome line up in middle

Question 47

How do they know to meet in the middle

Answer 47

Depolymerization of microtubules at + end (at kinetochore) Microtubule flux Polar ejection force (polar wind)

Question 48

what is microtubule flux

Answer 48

Microtubules pulled toward spindle poles | Microtubule length is constant (depolymerize at – end, polymerize at + end)

Question 49

what causes the polar wind

Answer 49

motor proteins

Question 50

what is the next phase of cell cycle

Answer 50

anaphase