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Cellbio > Eukaryotic cell cycle part 2 > Flashcards

Eukaryotic cell cycle part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does MITOSIS result in

A

2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell
(not 4 haploid)

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2
Q

What are the six phases of mitosis

look at the animation he has on canvas

A 
IPPMAT
interphase
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
telophase(has cytokinesis in it)
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3
Q

What is mitotic spindle

A

4 different microtubules

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4
Q

4 microtubules of mitotic spindle

see figure slide 12

A

bipolar array of microtubules
interpolar microtubules
kinetochore microtubules
astral microtubules

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5
Q

Bipolar array of microtubules of mitotic spindle

A

+ ends radiate outward

– ends at spindle poles

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6
Q

interpolar microtubules

A

overlap other microtubules

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7
Q

kinetochore microtubules

A

+ end attached to kinetochore

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8
Q

astral microtubules

A

help position spindle in the cell

attached to centrosome

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9
Q

4 Microtubule-dependent motor proteins

see slide 12 bottom figure

A

Kinesin-5 (+ end)
Kinesin-14 (- end)
Kinesins-4/10 (+ end)
Dyneins

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10
Q

Kinesin-5 (+end)

A

push poles apart

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11
Q

kinesin-14 (-end)

A

pull poles together

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12
Q

Kinesin-4/10 (+ end)

A

chromokinesins

Associate with chromosome arms; push away from pole

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13
Q

chromokinesins

A

ability to associate with chromosomes during mitosis

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14
Q

dyneins (-end)

A

pull spindle poles away from each other

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15
Q

what is a centrosome

A

Microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells

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16
Q

what is found in centrosome

A

centrioles (in pairs)

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17
Q

what is a centriole

A

Barrel shaped cylindrical structures in L-shaped configuration
development of spindle fibers in cell division

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18
Q

what happens to centrosome

A

duplicates when cell commits to division

S phase

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19
Q

after division how many centrosome are there

A

2- one at each pole during mitosis

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20
Q

what promote bipolar spindle assembly

A

mitotic chromosomes

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21
Q

what do the proteins associated with chromosome do

see slide 13

A

favor/encourage microtubule nucleation and stabilization

22
Q

centrioles more info

A

2 bundles of microtubules; found in centrosomes

23
Q

centromere (do not confuse with centrosome)

A

constricted region of chromosome

24
Q

stages in interphase

A

G1,S,G2

G1 can have a G0 phase

25
Q

what happens in G1 phase

A

cell growth

no replication

26
Q

what happens in S phase

A

dna synthesis

27
Q

what happens in G2

A

cell growth

28
Q

where does cell spend most of its life

A

interphase (S)

29
Q

when are chromosome duplicated

A

during S phase

2 sister chromatids

30
Q

what things happen in interphase

A

dna replicated
centromere (constricted chromosome)
centrioles replicate

31
Q

what happens when centrioles replicate

A

with Centrosomes Mitotic spindle formation

only in animal cells

32
Q

are chromosome condensed in interphase

A

NO just constricted

33
Q

when do chromosome condense

A

prophase

34
Q

during prophase what forms

A

Mitotic spindle forms between centrosomes

they are not at the ends yet

35
Q

Remember “eukaryotic chromosome organization” slide

A

find it on powerpoint

36
Q

what holds sister chromatids together during prophase

A

cohesions the entire length

37
Q

what is the next step in cell cycle at prophase

A

prometaphase

38
Q

what happens in prometaphase

A

nuclear envelope breaks down
spindle fibers connect to centromeres
looks like one at each end

39
Q

where do the spindle fibers connect to the chromosome centromere at

A

kinetochore

40
Q

what is a spindle fiber

A

microtubule

41
Q

what is a kinetochore

A

multilayered protein structure

42
Q

goal of prometaphase

A

bi-orientation
chromosome connect to mitotic spindle
make sure one of each chromatid goes to different end

43
Q

How does kinetochore sense correct attachment?

see slide 17

A

high levels of tension

44
Q

Ndc80 complex

A

connects microtubule to kinetochore

45
Q

what phase comes after prometaphase

A

metaphase

46
Q

goal of metaphase

starts with m

A

Meet in the middle

chromosome line up in middle

47
Q

How do they know to meet in the middle

A

Depolymerization of microtubules at + end (at kinetochore)
Microtubule flux
Polar ejection force (polar wind)

48
Q

what is microtubule flux

A

Microtubules pulled toward spindle poles

Microtubule length is constant (depolymerize at – end, polymerize at + end)

49
Q

what causes the polar wind

A

motor proteins

50
Q

what is the next phase of cell cycle

A

anaphase

Cellbio (17 decks)

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