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Cellbio > Eukaryotic cell division part 1 > Flashcards

Eukaryotic cell division part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 principles of the cell theory

A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the smallest living things
Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell

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2
Q

Basic structural and functional units of every organism

A

cell

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3
Q

What are the steps of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

A 
Interphase 3 parts
G1 (G0 is in here) 
S
G2
then M (cytokinesis)
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4
Q

What is metabolism

A

Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, Photosynthesis (Make ATP)

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5
Q

what is heredity

A

Genetics and DNA replication, Transcription, Translation

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6
Q

Cell division

what is same for prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Replicate DNA
Segregate (separate) DNA into daughter cells
Division of cellular components

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7
Q

what only happens in eukaryotes cell division

A

mitosis + cytokinesis
Reproduction (cell division)
Growth and development
Tissue renewal

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8
Q

3 eukaryotic cell types

A

somatic
germ cell (2N)
gamete (1N)

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9
Q

what is a somatic cell

A

Body cells

Not specialized for reproduction

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10
Q

Function of somatic cells

A

Each contains homologous pairs of chromosomes with corresponding genes
Diploid (2n) in mammals
Each parent contributes one homolog

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11
Q

Special about somatic cells

A

Each contains homologous pairs of chromosomes with corresponding genes
Diploid (2n) in mammals
Each parent contributes one homolog

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12
Q

what is germ cell

A

Specialized cells for reproduction
Found in testes and ovaries
2N

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13
Q

function of germ cells

A

produces gametes (1N)

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14
Q

Gametes

A

1N or haploid

2 meet together is fertilization

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15
Q

example of 2 gametes fusing

A

1N sperm cell and 1N egg cell for 2N zygote

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16
Q

what does 2N and 1N stand for

A

2N=diploid
1N=haploid (half)
number of chromosomes

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17
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Maternal and paternal copies of same chromosome before/after DNA replication

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18
Q

tell about Homologous chromosomes

A

same length & centromere position

it is the whole one side of chromosome but one from each parent

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19
Q

sister chromatids

see slide 5

A

they are from the same parent and part of the paired homologous chromosome

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20
Q

tell about sister chromatids

A

Arms of the chromosome linked by sister-chromatid cohesion
Exact copies
Exact same nucleotide sequence*
after DNA replication

21
Q

Eukaryotic nuclear division 2 processes

A

mitosis

meiosis

22
Q

Mitosis

A

Occurs in somatic cells

Results in two identical diploid (2n) daughter cells identical to the parent cell

23
Q

meiosis

A

Occurs in germ cells

Produces four haploid (n) daughter cells genetically different from each other and from the parent cell

24
Q

how many division of meosis are ther

A

2 nuclear divisions, to go 2N to N

25
Q

Eukaryotic Chromosomes review

A

have centromere, 2 telomeres, and replication origins

26
Q

centromere

A

Where sister chromatids are attached after DNA replication (mitosis and meiosis)

27
Q

two telomeres

A

Repeated nucleotide sequences at each end of chromosome

28
Q

replication origins see slide 7

A

Where DNA replication begins

29
Q

Nucleosome

A

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

30
Q

histone proteins

A

Small, positively charged

31
Q

Chromatin packing

A

beads on a string
Nucleosome packs into compact chromatin fiber
Chromatin fiber folded into loops resulting in typical mitotic chromosome

32
Q

First part of cell cycle

A

interphase

33
Q

3 stages of interphase

A

G1 S G2

34
Q

When a cell stays in G1 what happens

A

G0

35
Q

what happens during interphase

A 
cell increases in mass and size; 
doubles # of components in cytoplasm; 
replicates DNA (S (synthesis) phase)
36
Q

What happens in G1 of interphase

A

cell growth and function

37
Q

what happens during S of interphase

A

DNA replication or synthesis

38
Q

What happens during G2 of interphase

A

Cell prepares for division

Organelles replicate

39
Q

How long does interphase take

A

about 23 hours half in S

40
Q

What comes after interphase or its last stage G2

A

M phase

41
Q

What is m phase

A

Mitosis

42
Q

what is mitosis

A

nuclear division

43
Q

what are the stages to the cycle

see slide 9

A 
IPPMAT (PMAT less than 1 hour)
interphase
preprophase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
44
Q

what happens after m phase

A

cytokinesis

45
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

cytoplasmic division

46
Q

What stage are most of our cells in

A

G0
not part of cell cycle
cells functioning but not dividing

47
Q

Transient withdrawal

A

Cell types withdraw from cell cycle occasionally
Retain ability to reassemble cell-cycle control system and re-enter cell cycle
Ex: liver cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes (some)

48
Q

Consider two mammalian cells, one in G1 and the other in G0 (stationary) phase. If they are stimulated to pass the restriction point by the addition of an extracellular proliferation signal, but the signal is then immediately removed, what would you expect to happen?
A. Both cells will replicate their DNA.
B. Only the G1 cell will replicate its DNA.
C. Only the G0 cell will replicate its DNA.
D. Only the G1 cell will start to replicate its DNA, but will stop halfway through the replication and will not reach G2.
E. Neither of the cells will replicate their DNA.

A

A) both will replicate DNA

once passed the restriction point will replicate

Cellbio (17 decks)

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