Eukaryotic cell division part 1

Question 1

3 principles of the cell theory

Answer 1

All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the smallest living things
Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell

Question 2

Basic structural and functional units of every organism

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

What are the steps of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Answer 3

Interphase 3 parts
G1 (G0 is in here) 
S
G2
then M (cytokinesis)

Question 4

What is metabolism

Answer 4

Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, Photosynthesis (Make ATP)

Question 5

what is heredity

Answer 5

Genetics and DNA replication, Transcription, Translation

Question 6

Cell division

what is same for prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 6

Replicate DNA
Segregate (separate) DNA into daughter cells
Division of cellular components

Question 7

what only happens in eukaryotes cell division

Answer 7

mitosis + cytokinesis
Reproduction (cell division)
Growth and development
Tissue renewal

Question 8

3 eukaryotic cell types

Answer 8

somatic
germ cell (2N)
gamete (1N)

Question 9

what is a somatic cell

Answer 9

Body cells

Not specialized for reproduction

Question 10

Function of somatic cells

Answer 10

Each contains homologous pairs of chromosomes with corresponding genes
Diploid (2n) in mammals
Each parent contributes one homolog

Question 11

Special about somatic cells

Answer 11

Each contains homologous pairs of chromosomes with corresponding genes
Diploid (2n) in mammals
Each parent contributes one homolog

Question 12

what is germ cell

Answer 12

Specialized cells for reproduction
Found in testes and ovaries
2N

Question 13

function of germ cells

Answer 13

produces gametes (1N)

Question 14

Gametes

Answer 14

1N or haploid

2 meet together is fertilization

Question 15

example of 2 gametes fusing

Answer 15

1N sperm cell and 1N egg cell for 2N zygote

Question 16

what does 2N and 1N stand for

Answer 16

2N=diploid
1N=haploid (half)
number of chromosomes

Question 17

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 17

Maternal and paternal copies of same chromosome before/after DNA replication

Question 18

tell about Homologous chromosomes

Answer 18

same length & centromere position

it is the whole one side of chromosome but one from each parent

Question 19

sister chromatids

see slide 5

Answer 19

they are from the same parent and part of the paired homologous chromosome

Question 20

tell about sister chromatids

Answer 20

Arms of the chromosome linked by sister-chromatid cohesion
Exact copies
Exact same nucleotide sequence*
after DNA replication

Question 21

Eukaryotic nuclear division 2 processes

Answer 21

mitosis

meiosis

Question 22

Mitosis

Answer 22

Occurs in somatic cells

Results in two identical diploid (2n) daughter cells identical to the parent cell

Question 23

meiosis

Answer 23

Occurs in germ cells

Produces four haploid (n) daughter cells genetically different from each other and from the parent cell

Question 24

how many division of meosis are ther

Answer 24

2 nuclear divisions, to go 2N to N

Question 25

Eukaryotic Chromosomes review

Answer 25

have centromere, 2 telomeres, and replication origins

Question 26

centromere

Answer 26

Where sister chromatids are attached after DNA replication (mitosis and meiosis)

Question 27

two telomeres

Answer 27

Repeated nucleotide sequences at each end of chromosome

Question 28

replication origins see slide 7

Answer 28

Where DNA replication begins

Question 29

Nucleosome

Answer 29

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

Question 30

histone proteins

Answer 30

Small, positively charged

Question 31

Chromatin packing

Answer 31

beads on a string Nucleosome packs into compact chromatin fiber Chromatin fiber folded into loops resulting in typical mitotic chromosome

Question 32

First part of cell cycle

Answer 32

interphase

Question 33

3 stages of interphase

Answer 33

G1 S G2

Question 34

When a cell stays in G1 what happens

Answer 34

G0

Question 35

what happens during interphase

Answer 35

``` cell increases in mass and size; doubles # of components in cytoplasm; replicates DNA (S (synthesis) phase) ```

Question 36

What happens in G1 of interphase

Answer 36

cell growth and function

Question 37

what happens during S of interphase

Answer 37

DNA replication or synthesis

Question 38

What happens during G2 of interphase

Answer 38

Cell prepares for division | Organelles replicate

Question 39

How long does interphase take

Answer 39

about 23 hours half in S

Question 40

What comes after interphase or its last stage G2

Answer 40

M phase

Question 41

What is m phase

Answer 41

Mitosis

Question 42

what is mitosis

Answer 42

nuclear division

Question 43

what are the stages to the cycle see slide 9

Answer 43

``` IPPMAT (PMAT less than 1 hour) interphase preprophase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase ```

Question 44

what happens after m phase

Answer 44

cytokinesis

Question 45

what is cytokinesis

Answer 45

cytoplasmic division

Question 46

What stage are most of our cells in

Answer 46

G0 not part of cell cycle cells functioning but not dividing

Question 47

Transient withdrawal

Answer 47

Cell types withdraw from cell cycle occasionally Retain ability to reassemble cell-cycle control system and re-enter cell cycle Ex: liver cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes (some)

Question 48

Consider two mammalian cells, one in G1 and the other in G0 (stationary) phase. If they are stimulated to pass the restriction point by the addition of an extracellular proliferation signal, but the signal is then immediately removed, what would you expect to happen? A. Both cells will replicate their DNA. B. Only the G1 cell will replicate its DNA. C. Only the G0 cell will replicate its DNA. D. Only the G1 cell will start to replicate its DNA, but will stop halfway through the replication and will not reach G2. E. Neither of the cells will replicate their DNA.

Answer 48

A) both will replicate DNA once passed the restriction point will replicate