Bacterial Cytology Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
Genetic material of prokaryotic cells
A
1 circular chromosome (Free floating)
no spindle fibers bc of this
2
Q
genetic material of euukayotic cells
A
linear chromosomes, mitochondria, and chlorplasts
3
Q
Prokaryotes have no
A
membrane bound organelles,
4
Q
Eukaryotes membrane bound organelles
A
mitochondria chloroplasts Golgi bodies ER Vacuoles
5
Q
Ribosomes in prokaryotes
A
free in cytoplasm, not membrane bound
6
Q
Ribosomes in eukaryotes
A
on rough ER and larger than the prokaryotic cells
7
Q
Ribosomes are the site of
A
protein synthesis
8
Q
Locomotion of prokaryotes
A
flagella, flagellin
9
Q
Locomotion of eukaryotes
A
flagella
tubulin
psuedopods
cilia
10
Q
psuedopod
A
“false foot” found on macrophages
11
Q
cilia is found where?
A
respiratory tract
12
Q
plasma membrane on prokaryotes
A
have a lipid bilayer, (diff from eukaryotes not like steroids)
group translocation
active transport
13
Q
plasma membranes on eukaryotic cells
A
sterols
phagocytosis (solid)
pinocytosis (liquid)
14
Q
cell wall of a prokaryotic cell
A
peptidoglycan
this is a carb bound to a protein
15
Q
reproduction on prokaryotic cells
A
binary fision. asexual
16
Q
reproduction in eukaryotic cells
A
mitosis and mieosis
17
Q
where does cellular respiration occur in prokaryotic cells?
A
plasma membrane
18
Q
where does cellular respiration occur in eukaryotic cells?
A
mitochondria
19
Q
cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cells
A
very little and simple
20
Q
cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells
A
complex internal stucture
21
Q
3 general shapes of bacteria
A
Coccus
Bacillius
Spirals
22
Q
Coccus shape
A
spherical, oval, elongated, or flattened on one side
23
Q
bacillus
A
rod shaped cylindrical bacteria
24
Q
coccobacillus
A
short and fat small in size
25
vibro
curved. bend rods, less ridged
26
spirals
one of more bends or twists, never straight
27
spirillum
curved rods fairly rigid
28
spirochete
helical rods with flexiable coils
29
diplococci
one plane
30
streptococci
one plane
31
staphylococci
multiple planes
32
sarcinae
3 planes (cube like packets of 8)
33
tetrads
2 planes (packets of 4)
34
diplobacilli
one plane
35
streptobacilli
one plane
36
palisades
one plane but cell of chain remain partially attached and snap back
37
monomorphic
single shaped
38
pleomorphic
many different morphological shapes
39
bacillius groupings
there are fewer groupings because they divide across their short axis
40
capsule
genetically controlled; colonies appeared mucoid
thick dense organized units (repeating units or organic chemicals firmly attached to cell surface)
normally a polysaccharide
41
slime layer
Genetically controlled
less tightly bound
polysaccharide + polypeptide
ex. dental plaque
42
slime layers influence on disease
promotes attachment and adheres to surface
IV- staph
psuedomonus
partially why antibiotics don't work
43
Describe cell wall in prokaryotes
It differs from a cell wall in plants
Strong structural support
Made of two alternating sugars
Connected by peptides
44
Cell wall in prokaryotes is made out of
A polysaccharide with two alternating sugars connected by peptide
NAG (N-acetyl glucosamine)
NAM (N-acetyl muramjc acid)
(Cross/alternate)
45
Cell wall aids in
Identification
| Positive vs negative
46
Biological activities of a cell wall
Site of action of antibiotics
| May be associated with symptoms
47
Gram positive bacteria
90% peptidoglycan
| Teichoic acid
48
Gram negative Bacteria
5-20% peptidoglycan
| Outer membrane
49
Peptidoglycan
Unique bacteria
Location of somatic (O) antigens
Important in gram stains
50
Teichoic acid
Binds magnesium to maintain high concentration in the cell envelope
Magnesium required for stability of cell membrane and enzymes
51
Outer membrane of a eukaryotes is composed of
Lipopolysacchride
Lipoprotein
Phospholipid
Protein
52
Outer membranes of eukaryotes are _____ to dyes and disinfectants
Impervious (major part of the gram test)
53
Purpose of an outer membrane
Blocks phagocytosis
| Acts as a molecular sieve by preventing entrance of large molecules
54
If LPS layer is to is to humans than it is called a ____ and causes ____
Endotoxin
Fever, shock, inflammation and clotting
55
Periplasmic space
Reaction site for a varied pool of substance that enters and leaves the cell
56
Two types of cell walls
Natural forms
| Artificially produced
57
Artificially produced cell walls
Due to long term expose of lysosomes or penicillin in isotonic solution that cause mutation
58
Artificially produced outer membranes are referred to as
L (lister forms)
59
Protoplasts
all cell wall is removed = gram positives
60
Spheroplasts
Parts of cell wall that was left behind
61
Protoplasts and spheroplast will burst in
Very dilute solutions if NaCl or sugar
62
Natural forms of cell walls
Mycoplasma
| Contains sterols that make it resistant to lysis
63
Describe cytoplasm
Composed of carbs, lipids, inorganic ions, wastes
Building blocks for a source of energy
It is a thick aqueous semi transparent and elastic
Contains chromosomes ribosomes and granules
64
Describe the cytoskeleton
Internal network of protein polymers that are closely associated with the cell walls and stabilize shape
65
Describe cell membranes fuctions
Barrier between internal and external environment
Essential for survival of cell
Lacks sterols and is not as rigid as the cells of a eukaryotic cell
66
Describe structure of the cell membrane
Fluid mosaic model with globular proteins
| Less rigid than eukaryotic cells that lack sterols
67
Cell membrane is the site of ______
regulates passage of nutrients inside and outside of cell
Active transport
Site of respiratory enzymes (prominante in gram + molecules)
Site of dna synthesis
68
describe pilli and fimbrae
hair like appendages that are shorter and straighter than flagella
not associated with movement
originate in cell movement
gram negatives
69
fimbrae
found at poles or are distributed evenly distributed over the surface of the cell
functions as organs of attachment to epithelial cells and biofilm
important to the infectious disease process
70
sex pili
tubules of pili
associated with conjuction between gram negative bacteria and mediated transfer
fertility factor (+ or -)
71
Inclusions or granules
storage bodies
not membranes bounds
may be found in chains
makes cytoplasm look granular
72
examples of inclusions or granules
gas vacuoles, magentosomes, sulfar granules
73
structures of ribosomes
found in polymer chains
| make cytoplasm look granular
74
functions of ribsomes
protein synthesis
| certain antibiotics work by binding to cytoplasm
75
nucleoid
no membrane, aggregated in area called nucleiod
| Double stranded DNA
76
Extrachromosomal DNA are known as
plasmids and are not necessary for survival
77
DNA replicates _____
independently
78
5-100 genes may carry information regarding
antibiotic resistance
tolerance to toxic metals
production of toxins
synthesis of enzymes
79
define sporulation
process of forming a highly resistant endospore due to pH changes, nutrient depletion, high temperature, deisiccation
80
sporulation requires a large amount of
proteins and enzymes
81
sporulation is considered the most ____ of life
stable form
82
germination
return to vegetative state due to activation of endospore due to activation of endospore
83
strength of spore
diplocolinic acid +calcium
84
two examples of spore formers
C diff
Sporolactobacillus
sporosarcina
