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Microbiology > Bacterial Cytology > Flashcards

Bacterial Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic material of prokaryotic cells

A

1 circular chromosome (Free floating)

no spindle fibers bc of this

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2
Q

genetic material of euukayotic cells

A

linear chromosomes, mitochondria, and chlorplasts

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3
Q

Prokaryotes have no

A

membrane bound organelles,

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4
Q

Eukaryotes membrane bound organelles

A 
mitochondria
chloroplasts
Golgi bodies 
ER
Vacuoles
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5
Q

Ribosomes in prokaryotes

A

free in cytoplasm, not membrane bound

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6
Q

Ribosomes in eukaryotes

A

on rough ER and larger than the prokaryotic cells

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7
Q

Ribosomes are the site of

A

protein synthesis

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8
Q

Locomotion of prokaryotes

A

flagella, flagellin

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9
Q

Locomotion of eukaryotes

A

flagella
tubulin
psuedopods
cilia

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10
Q

psuedopod

A

“false foot” found on macrophages

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11
Q

cilia is found where?

A

respiratory tract

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12
Q

plasma membrane on prokaryotes

A

have a lipid bilayer, (diff from eukaryotes not like steroids)
group translocation
active transport

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13
Q

plasma membranes on eukaryotic cells

A

sterols
phagocytosis (solid)
pinocytosis (liquid)

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14
Q

cell wall of a prokaryotic cell

A

peptidoglycan

this is a carb bound to a protein

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15
Q

reproduction on prokaryotic cells

A

binary fision. asexual

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16
Q

reproduction in eukaryotic cells

A

mitosis and mieosis

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17
Q

where does cellular respiration occur in prokaryotic cells?

A

plasma membrane

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18
Q

where does cellular respiration occur in eukaryotic cells?

A

mitochondria

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19
Q

cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cells

A

very little and simple

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20
Q

cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells

A

complex internal stucture

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21
Q

3 general shapes of bacteria

A

Coccus
Bacillius
Spirals

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22
Q

Coccus shape

A

spherical, oval, elongated, or flattened on one side

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23
Q

bacillus

A

rod shaped cylindrical bacteria

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24
Q

coccobacillus

A

short and fat small in size

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25
Q

vibro

A

curved. bend rods, less ridged

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26
Q

spirals

A

one of more bends or twists, never straight

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27
Q

spirillum

A

curved rods fairly rigid

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28
Q

spirochete

A

helical rods with flexiable coils

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29
Q

diplococci

A

one plane

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30
Q

streptococci

A

one plane

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31
Q

staphylococci

A

multiple planes

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32
Q

sarcinae

A

3 planes (cube like packets of 8)

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33
Q

tetrads

A

2 planes (packets of 4)

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34
Q

diplobacilli

A

one plane

35
Q

streptobacilli

A

one plane

36
Q

palisades

A

one plane but cell of chain remain partially attached and snap back

37
Q

monomorphic

A

single shaped

38
Q

pleomorphic

A

many different morphological shapes

39
Q

bacillius groupings

A

there are fewer groupings because they divide across their short axis

40
Q

capsule

A

genetically controlled; colonies appeared mucoid
thick dense organized units (repeating units or organic chemicals firmly attached to cell surface)
normally a polysaccharide

41
Q

slime layer

A

Genetically controlled
less tightly bound
polysaccharide + polypeptide
ex. dental plaque

42
Q

slime layers influence on disease

A

promotes attachment and adheres to surface
IV- staph
psuedomonus
partially why antibiotics don’t work

43
Q

Describe cell wall in prokaryotes

A

It differs from a cell wall in plants
Strong structural support
Made of two alternating sugars
Connected by peptides

44
Q

Cell wall in prokaryotes is made out of

A

A polysaccharide with two alternating sugars connected by peptide

NAG (N-acetyl glucosamine)
NAM (N-acetyl muramjc acid)
(Cross/alternate)

45
Q

Cell wall aids in

A

Identification

Positive vs negative

46
Q

Biological activities of a cell wall

A

Site of action of antibiotics

May be associated with symptoms

47
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

90% peptidoglycan

Teichoic acid

48
Q

Gram negative Bacteria

A

5-20% peptidoglycan

Outer membrane

49
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Unique bacteria
Location of somatic (O) antigens
Important in gram stains

50
Q

Teichoic acid

A

Binds magnesium to maintain high concentration in the cell envelope

Magnesium required for stability of cell membrane and enzymes

51
Q

Outer membrane of a eukaryotes is composed of

A

Lipopolysacchride
Lipoprotein
Phospholipid
Protein

52
Q

Outer membranes of eukaryotes are _____ to dyes and disinfectants

A

Impervious (major part of the gram test)

53
Q

Purpose of an outer membrane

A

Blocks phagocytosis

Acts as a molecular sieve by preventing entrance of large molecules

54
Q

If LPS layer is to is to humans than it is called a ____ and causes ____

A

Endotoxin

Fever, shock, inflammation and clotting

55
Q

Periplasmic space

A

Reaction site for a varied pool of substance that enters and leaves the cell

56
Q

Two types of cell walls

A

Natural forms

Artificially produced

57
Q

Artificially produced cell walls

A

Due to long term expose of lysosomes or penicillin in isotonic solution that cause mutation

58
Q

Artificially produced outer membranes are referred to as

A

L (lister forms)

59
Q

Protoplasts

A

all cell wall is removed = gram positives

60
Q

Spheroplasts

A

Parts of cell wall that was left behind

61
Q

Protoplasts and spheroplast will burst in

A

Very dilute solutions if NaCl or sugar

62
Q

Natural forms of cell walls

A

Mycoplasma

Contains sterols that make it resistant to lysis

63
Q

Describe cytoplasm

A

Composed of carbs, lipids, inorganic ions, wastes

Building blocks for a source of energy

It is a thick aqueous semi transparent and elastic

Contains chromosomes ribosomes and granules

64
Q

Describe the cytoskeleton

A

Internal network of protein polymers that are closely associated with the cell walls and stabilize shape

65
Q

Describe cell membranes fuctions

A

Barrier between internal and external environment
Essential for survival of cell
Lacks sterols and is not as rigid as the cells of a eukaryotic cell

66
Q

Describe structure of the cell membrane

A

Fluid mosaic model with globular proteins

Less rigid than eukaryotic cells that lack sterols

67
Q

Cell membrane is the site of ______

A

regulates passage of nutrients inside and outside of cell

Active transport

Site of respiratory enzymes (prominante in gram + molecules)

Site of dna synthesis

68
Q

describe pilli and fimbrae

A

hair like appendages that are shorter and straighter than flagella
not associated with movement
originate in cell movement
gram negatives

69
Q

fimbrae

A

found at poles or are distributed evenly distributed over the surface of the cell

functions as organs of attachment to epithelial cells and biofilm

important to the infectious disease process

70
Q

sex pili

A

tubules of pili
associated with conjuction between gram negative bacteria and mediated transfer
fertility factor (+ or -)

71
Q

Inclusions or granules

A

storage bodies
not membranes bounds
may be found in chains
makes cytoplasm look granular

72
Q

examples of inclusions or granules

A

gas vacuoles, magentosomes, sulfar granules

73
Q

structures of ribosomes

A

found in polymer chains

make cytoplasm look granular

74
Q

functions of ribsomes

A

protein synthesis

certain antibiotics work by binding to cytoplasm

75
Q

nucleoid

A

no membrane, aggregated in area called nucleiod

Double stranded DNA

76
Q

Extrachromosomal DNA are known as

A

plasmids and are not necessary for survival

77
Q

DNA replicates _____

A

independently

78
Q

5-100 genes may carry information regarding

A

antibiotic resistance
tolerance to toxic metals
production of toxins
synthesis of enzymes

79
Q

define sporulation

A

process of forming a highly resistant endospore due to pH changes, nutrient depletion, high temperature, deisiccation

80
Q

sporulation requires a large amount of

A

proteins and enzymes

81
Q

sporulation is considered the most ____ of life

A

stable form

82
Q

germination

A

return to vegetative state due to activation of endospore due to activation of endospore

83
Q

strength of spore

A

diplocolinic acid +calcium

84
Q

two examples of spore formers

A

C diff
Sporolactobacillus
sporosarcina

Microbiology (9 decks)

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