neisseria

Question 1

General characteristics of neisseria

Answer 1

gram negative diplococci 
kidney bean shaped 
found in mucous membranes of humans 
Aerobic 
capnophlic (pathogens) 
All produce cytochrome oxidase

Question 2

Nasopharyngitis

Answer 2

short lived, a symptomatic
caused by neisseria meningitidis
may spread to the CNS (spinomeningitis/menigiococciemia)
pilli attach to epithelial cells in the nasopharynx
people with deficiencies in complement c5-c9 are at greater risk

Question 3

Action of LPS endotoxin

Answer 3

causes vascular dammage, inflammation of vessels, thrombosis, desseminated intravascular coaggulaiton (DIC)

Question 4

Septic meningitis

Answer 4

Person to person transmission, close contact, crowded areas (dorms, military camps, etc…)
peak ages below 5 and 15-24
vaccine or waver is required for certain things

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of septic meningitis

Answer 5

confusion, headache, nausea, stiffness in the neck, increased pressure on the brain, petechiae trunk, lower extremities, wrists

Question 6

schwartzmann phenomenon

Answer 6

bacterial proteases hydrolize IgAs and damage blood vessels

Question 7

why is it possible for a physician to miss septic meningitis in children under 5

Answer 7

they do not have the stiffness in the neck so symptoms just present as a flu

Question 8

Meningococcemia

Answer 8

viral illness, mortality rate 25% WITH treatment
50-60% produce petechiae starts at ankles, move up the body
causes thrombosis of small BVs and multi organ involvement

Question 9

Waterhouse-fredrichsen syndrome

Answer 9

DIC with shock and bilateral destruction of the adrenal glands

Question 10

describe the transmission of Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 10

disruption of nasal mucosa: passive or active smoke, viral infections, chronic respiratory illness
Increased exposure: crowding/ low socioeconomic standards
new strains: schools, residences, barracks, pilgrimages, college students

Question 11

Vaccine for neisseria meningitis is

Answer 11

groups a, b, c, y, w135

not effective before age of 2

Question 12

drug of choice for neisseria meningitidis

Answer 12

penicillin
IV mannitol for carriers
carriers treated with cirpofloxin or rifamtin

Question 13

describe neisseria gonorrheae in malls

Answer 13

male: acute anterior urethritis
2% asymptomatic
discharge, burning, dysuria

Question 14

pharyngitis of neisseria gonorrheae

Answer 14

mild, resolves spontaneously in 3 mos

Question 15

anorectal neisseria gonorrheae

Answer 15

inflammation of rectom
procitis
profus mucopurluent rectal discharge
burning, bleeding, tenesmus, constipation

Question 16

when testing males discharge what do you need from the lab?

Answer 16

you only need a gram stain because thats the only organism that presents this way

Question 17

complications of untreated males

Answer 17

prostatitis- chills, fever, bleeding, frequency, acute urinary retention
epididymitis- inflammation common, severe scrotal and inginual pain

Question 18

neisseria gonorrheae in females

Answer 18

cervicitis does not grow in vagina

Mucopurulent discharge, dysuria, bleeding, menstrual irregularities,can cause PID if left untreated

Question 19

anorectal

Answer 19

30-50% of females with GC have anorectal colonization

Question 20

diagnostics of neisseria gonorrheae in females

Answer 20

gram stain and culture

could be confused with Veillonella (normal flora)

Question 21

Disseminated Gonogoccal infection

Answer 21

(similar to septicemia) more prone especially during PG or menstruation
rare but high fatality

Question 22

nonpathogenic neisseria

Answer 22

2nd most common aerobic microbe in oral cavity and URT
not spectated except in special cases
can be opportunistic