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Microbiology > Psuedomonas and burkholderia > Flashcards

Psuedomonas and burkholderia Flashcards

1
Q

describe psuedomonas

A 
small, slender, gram negative bacilli 
slime layer present
actively motile
single polar flagella 
free living in soil and water 
produce pigments 
non-fermenters 
utilize a large number of carbon sources 
decomposer/biomediator
aromatic
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2
Q

Pyocyanin

A

blue-green

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3
Q

Pyorubin

A

red-brown rust color

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4
Q

Pyoverdin

A

yellow color

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5
Q

Pyomelanin

A

brown

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6
Q

psuedomonas aeruginosa

A

most common in humans
normal flora in throat and stool 5-10% of population
resistant to soaps, dyes, disinfectants, drugs and drying, ir contaminates ventilators, utensils, bathroom fixtures and mops

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7
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

A

nosocomial
contaminated disinfectants/medical devices
associated with breakdown of proper sterilization procedures
secondary infection in cystic fibrosis, patients with the form on lung abbesses and pneumonia
opportunist in RT, UR and skin

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8
Q

Burkholderia mallei

A

Glanders in horses and donkeys, LRT in infections in humans, localized pulmonary disease.

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9
Q

Burkholderia psuedomallei

A

occurs in SE asia
Rice fields
melodiosis= Vietnamese Time bomb
Direct inoculation or inhalation of aerosols
acute pneumonia 2-3 days after contact, fever, leukocytosis, and consolidation in lungs

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10
Q

Infections associated with psuedomonas aeruginosa

A

healthy hosts can get skin rashes/utis, otitis media

in comprimised host it can cause serious issues

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11
Q

who is at risk for psuedomonas aeruginosa

A

severe burns, neoplastic diseases, premature births, cystic fibrosis- may lead to endocarditis, bronchopneumonia or meninigitis

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12
Q

most environments opportunist

A

water faucets, whirlpools, ventilators, nebulizars, humidifiers, aerosol medications, sinks, cleaning solutions, flower arrangements

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13
Q

complications of patients with cystic fibrosis

A

receptors in CF patients for psuedomonas, thick mucus in ducts and tracheobronchial tree, plugs aveoli, forms a biofilm that protects bacteria from phagocytes, replaced staph aureus as chief secondary invader

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14
Q

burn infections

A

warm, moist environments that are quickly colonized

loss of skin graft may progress to bacteremia, may lead to shock, organ failure and death

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15
Q

external otitis

A

“swimmers ear” otitis externa
also malignant otitis externa in diabetics
70% of external ear infections caused by psuedomonas

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16
Q

cutaneous syndrome

A

erythma angrenosum
perineum, buttocks, extremities or axillae
becomes purple black then necrotic
destruction of arteries and veins

17
Q

folliculitis

A

hot tubs, pools, spas
usually in areas covered in bathing suits
this is why accurate chlorination is `required

18
Q

osteomyelitis

A

deep wounds and compound bone fractures

19
Q

endocarditits

A

prosthetic valves, tricuspids, septicemia

20
Q

eye infections

A

conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophalmitis
contact lens solution
can destroy cornea 24-48 hours if left untreated

21
Q

virulence factors associated with Psuedomonas aeruginosa

A 
neuraminidase 
endotoxin a/lipid a 
elastas 
protease
pyotease 
pyocynin 
exoenzyme S and exotoxin A
22
Q

drug of choice for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

highly resistant
combination of newer aminogylcosides and beta lactam antibiotics
cipro, 3rd generation cephalosporins/monobactams

23
Q

acinetobacter

A

gram negative coccobacilli
NF soil and water/ found in iraq, very resistant
found in anything wet soaps and disinfectants
faucets, toilets, doorknobs, sinks, respiratory equipment, catheters, pillows
colonizes humans

24
Q

flavobacterium

A

gram -
nosocomial
water baths/ catheters
neonates at greater risk

25
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A

gram negative bacilli
nosocomial
fresh water and soil (associated with plant roots), fecal flora in humans
Contaminates disinfectants, dialysis equipment, respiratory equipment, water dispensers and catheters
forms biofilms
affects respiratory tract, blood, spinal fluid, and opthalmic secretions

26
Q

xanthomonas

A

nosocomial plastic IV catheters

27
Q

patients at risk for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection

A

Ca patients

indwelling invasive devices

28
Q

what is stenotrophomonas maltophilia treated with?

A

cephalosporins, tetracyclines, cipro

Microbiology (9 decks)

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