Bacterial structure and classification L4

Question 1

3 types of bacteria

Answer 1

gram +
gram -
acid fast

Question 2

genetic exchange via (4)

Answer 2

transformation
transduction
conjugation
transposons

Question 3

purpose of flagellum

Answer 3

motility

Question 4

purpose of pili (fimbriae)

Answer 4

adhesion

Question 5

e.g of a bacteria where the flagellum is essential for motility

Answer 5

helicobacter pylori (penetration into mucus layers of stomach)

Question 6

what does gram stain distinguish between

Answer 6

gram + and gram-

Question 7

process of gram stain

Answer 7

stain with crystal violet

wash with alcohol

Question 8

Gram positive colour after stain

Answer 8

purple

Question 9

Gram negative colour after stain

Answer 9

pink

Question 10

membranes of a gram - cell wall

Answer 10

cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane

Question 11

what is between the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane

Answer 11

periplasm

Question 12

what is contained within the periplasm

Answer 12

thin layer of peptidoglycan

Question 13

what is unique to gram negatives

Answer 13

lipopolysaccharide

Question 14

what is the lipopolysaccharide recognised by

Answer 14

TLR4

Question 15

what is different about the gram + cell wall membrane wise

Answer 15

only one membrane

Question 16

what membrane is in the gram + cell wall

Answer 16

cytoplasmic

Question 17

what is on top of the cytoplasmic membrane in gram +

Answer 17

thick layer of peptidoglycan

Question 18

what is embedded in the Gram + peptidoglycan

Answer 18

teichoic acid

Question 19

2 types of bacteria types that don’t stain

Answer 19

acid fast bacteria

those without a conventional wall

Question 20

name two types of bacteria without a conventional wall

Answer 20

chlamydia

mycoplasma

Question 21

Cocci=

Answer 21

round

Question 22

bacilli=

Answer 22

rod

Question 23

what is an e.g bacteria of cocci in chains

Answer 23

streptococcus

Question 24

what are spores resistant to (3)

Answer 24

heat
desiccation
chemical

Question 25

what type of bacteria is the only spore forming type

Answer 25

gram positive

Question 26

Clostridium difficile=

Answer 26

antibiotic associated diarrhea

Question 27

what bacteria means babies shouldn't eat honey

Answer 27

clostridium botulinum

Question 28

all bacteria require (6)

Answer 28

``` carbon nitrogen phosphate sulphate minerals trace elements ```

Question 29

bacterial genome=

Answer 29

chromosme+ plasmids

Question 30

genetic content of bacteria is

Answer 30

haploid

Question 31

2 ways diversity arises

Answer 31

mutations | genetic exchange

Question 32

why is horizontal gene transfer important

Answer 32

acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance | evolution of pathogens

Question 33

transformation=

Answer 33

free DNA is taken up by the cell

Question 34

4 types of horizontal gene transfer

Answer 34

transformation transduction conjugation transposons

Question 35

transduction=

Answer 35

phage mediate transfer of non-phage DNA between bacteria

Question 36

Phage=

Answer 36

bacterial virus

Question 37

conjugation=

Answer 37

bacteria having sex | conjugative plasmid moves from one bacterium to another

Question 38

transposons=

Answer 38

jumping genes (mobile genetic units)

Question 39

bacterial growth pattern can be described as

Answer 39

binary fission