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breathing and circulating > bactierology > Flashcards

bactierology Flashcards

1
Q

how do you treat LRT infections

A

systemic therapy +- nebulization therapy, hydration for mucociliary elevator, SC

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2
Q

in a TTW, what should cytology look like

A

low total number of cells and very few neuts

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3
Q

three ways to distinguish URT from LRT

A

clinical signs (RR), physical exam ascult, rads/CBC/US

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4
Q

what nonimmunological things prevent respiratory infections

A

anatomy and horizontal head position, normal flora, sneezing and coughing, mucociliary clearance

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5
Q

what is the major non immunological mechanism of the respiratory tract

A

mucociliary clearance defense

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6
Q

major defense mechanism of the alveoli

A

pulmonary alveolar macrophages that help clear out bacti that make it to the alveoli

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7
Q

why is GA a risk factor for bacterial respiratory infections

A

abnormal positioning

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8
Q

two ways bacti enter the respiratory tract

A

inhalation or hematogenous: diffuse lesion without a clear relationship to the airway

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9
Q

septic lymphadenitis in a horse is consistent with what bacterial infection

A

S. equi equi

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10
Q

where are strep equi located in carrier animals

A

gutteral pouch chondroids

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11
Q

treatment for strangles

A

drain abscess and SC unless its extremely severe case or extremely early then antibiotics

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12
Q

cervical lymphadenitis in pigs, horses and cats can be caused by what

A

streptococcus

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13
Q

bacteria likely responsible for the destruction of sneezing, nasal turbinates in young pigs

A

B. bronchiseptica damages mucosa then p. multocida D causes bone resorption

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14
Q

common tracheobronchial infections in dogs

A

kennel cough (bord. bronch)

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15
Q

what are the most important contagious diseases in horses

A

strangles

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16
Q

most important contagious disease in canine

A

canine infectious respiratory disease

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17
Q

unique features about mycobacterium

A

strict anaerobes, acid fast, intracellular in macrophages (hard to treat), zoonotic

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18
Q

what does M. bovis cause

A

tuberculosis in bovine and sometimes humans

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19
Q

bovine with cough, ADR, on and off fever, decreased weight, caseous necrosis of lung and lymph node

A

mycobacterium bovis

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20
Q

what specific histological diseases does M. bovis cause

A

granuloma with central necrosis with giant epitheloid cells

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21
Q

T/F we are working to erradicate m. bovis

A

false. wild pops keep it active

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22
Q

what to do with reactor positive cow to m. bovis

A

cull and isolate herd from other animals.

23
Q

T/F pneumonia in equine is a staged process

A

most of the time true. starts with initial bacterial compromise then the more serious bacti continue to move in as damage continues

24
Q

when do the strict anaerobes infect equine

A

around a week after initial pathogens infect. and they indicate poor prognosis.

25
Q

what two bacteria responsible for septicemia can cause pneumonia

A

H. somni in cattle and salmonella dublin in calves

26
Q

in the bloodstream where do we have macrophages that recognize bacteria

A

spleen and liver

27
Q

T/F transient bacteriemia occurs with acute conditions that are cleared in a few hours

A

F they are acute infections that are cleared within 30 mins. very fast

28
Q

what animals are the most susceptible

A

neonatal that have lost their mothers antibodies or that have FPT

29
Q

two main routes bacteria enter the blood stream

A

direct inoculation or spread from initial site through lymphatics or vessels

30
Q

what are the signs of traumatic reticulopericarditis

A

consistent with R CHF. distended jugular, brisket edema, bottle jaw

31
Q

what is navel ill

A

septicemia from an umbilical infection. can seed into joints, lungs etc

32
Q

what is the primary cause of death from an infection

A

getting septic shock or sepsis

33
Q

what do you need to diagnose sepsis

A

suspicion or confirmed presence, then 2-3 of the SIRS criteria

34
Q

gram stain and defining shape of bacillus anthracis

A

G+ rod that is huge and shaped very rectangular

35
Q

how is anthrax transmitted

A

spores that are ingested, in haled or through the vegetative form (mostly human thing)

36
Q

what helps B. anthracis cause disease?

A

capsule resists phagocytosis, and toxins either cause edema or death

37
Q

who is most susceptible to b. anthracis and what toxin is major reactor

A

cattle and sheep most susceptible and the lethal toxin plays a major role. pigs are the exact opposite.

38
Q

most common presenting signs in ruminants with b. anthracis

A

sudden death with tarry blood coming out all orifices

39
Q

what are the three forms of anthrax in humans

A

cutaneous, pulmonary and GI

40
Q

how to dispose of an anthrax positive body?

A

call state vet. bury deep with quick lime or incinerate

41
Q

what are our obligate intracellular CV bacteria

A

anaplasma marginale, rickettsia rickettsii, ehrlichia canis, chlamydia psittici, mycoplasma haemofelis,

42
Q

what cells does RMSF vs E. canis target?

A

endothelial cells and monocytes

43
Q

what animals does anaplasmosis cause the most disease? icteric MM, weakness, fever, hemolytic anemia

A

older animals. calves are resistant

44
Q

what is the treatment for RMSF vs E. canis

A

doxycycline, longer duration for erlichia (28 days)

45
Q

dog vascular bacteria that causes fever, lymphadenopathy, petechial hemorrhage, edema and maybe ocular hemorrhage

A

RMSF and E. canis.

46
Q

reservoir host for RMSF

A

wild rodents

47
Q

reservoir host for E. canis

A

canids only domestic and wild

48
Q

R. ricketsii vs E. canis. who can have subclinical carriers if they are not treated acutely or properly

A

E. canis.

49
Q

how do you treat chlamydia psittici in pet birds vs food flocks

A

pets can have doxycycline but all food animal birds can get chlortetracycline

50
Q

how does mycoplasmosis haemofelis infect

A

vectors or transplacental. is very superficial on RBC and can have variable shape (contrast anaplasma)

51
Q

what is cat scratch fever and what is actually causing it?

A

bartonella henselae. in the fecal material of fleas. cats get flea dirt under their claws and get it into a human when they scratch you.

52
Q

what is the importance of bartonellosis

A

it is an important ddx in dogs with valvular endocarditis. cats don’t typically show any signs with infection

53
Q
A

breathing and circulating (21 decks)

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