drugs for lungs

Question 1

three commonly used antitussive agents

Answer 1

morphine, butorphanol, hydrocodone

Question 2

three main classes of bronchodilators

Answer 2

B adrenergic, methylxanthines, anticholinergics

Question 3

what is the action of B adrenergic drugs for lungs

Answer 3

decrease release of inflammatory mediators, increase mucociliary clearance, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation

Question 4

adverse effects of B adrenergics

Answer 4

CNS excitement, tachycardia, twitches, inhibits uterine motility

Question 5

one thing to consider for b adrenergic drugs

Answer 5

they have a fast tolerance.
give a break between doses or give with a GC

Question 6

what are our three b adrenergic drugs and what species are they used

Answer 6

terbutaline (dog/cat) clenbuterol (horses)
albuterol

Question 7

what drug can we not use in food animals for bronchodilation

Answer 7

clenbuterol. muscle mass effects

Question 8

b adrenergic drugs have a drug interaction with ______

Answer 8

anti-arrythmic drugs

Question 9

where does Methylxanthines act

Answer 9

PDE inhibitor. causes increase in cAMP and bronchodilation

Question 10

what is more effective B adrenergic agonists or methylxanthines

Answer 10

B adrenergic agonists

Question 11

what are our three methylxanthines

Answer 11

theophyllINE (dog cat)
aminophylLINE
caffeINE (foals calves)

Question 12

what is a major thing you need to remember about theophylline PK

Answer 12

the doses differ for all species and all formulations. look it up before you give it

Question 13

theophylline drug interactions?

Answer 13

many. lots of common drugs. check before you prescribe to patient

Question 14

how do anticholinergics work on lungs

Answer 14

inhibit vagally mediated smooth muscle tone causing relaxation and bronchodilation, also decreased vagal tone everywhere

Question 15

what are our anticholinergic drugs

Answer 15

atropine
glycopyrrolate
buscopan (horses)

Question 16

when do we use anticholinergics.

Answer 16

in respiratory dominant emergency issues (acute asthma)

Question 17

what is the side effect poem for anticholinergics

Answer 17

cant pee
cant see
cant spit
cant shit (ILEUS)

Question 18

why dont antihistamines work well in the lungs

Answer 18

antihistamines: only for allergic disease otherwise not the right inflammatory mediator

Question 19

do we use NSAIDs in lung issues?

Answer 19

sometimes: if fever and systemic inflammation, YES
if asthma, no leukotrienes are responsible here

Question 20

advantages of inhalant therapies

Answer 20

high [] of drug at the site, fraction of the systemic dose, minimal to no systemic absorption

Question 21

inhaled drug delivery depends on

Answer 21

respiratory depth and rate
tidal volume
airflow rate

Question 22

major disadvantage with inhalant therapies

Answer 22

cost

Question 23

how is drug delivered in a nebulizer

Answer 23

as a vaporized steam or mist

Question 24

three classes of inhalant therapies

Answer 24

antiinflammatory
bronchodilators
antibacterial (sometimes)

Question 25

when do we reach for GC in inhalant therapies

Answer 25

inflammation in the airways mediated by leukotrienes

Question 26

what drugs help B adrenergic agonists

Answer 26

GC by increases the number/presence of B2 receptors in the cells.

Question 27

what are our three GC inhalants and which one is the best

Answer 27

fluticasone (best)
beclomethasone
ciclesonide (equine)

Question 28

what is our anticholinergic drug for inhalant therapy

Answer 28

ipratropiumbromide

Question 29

uses of inhalant ipratropium bromide

Answer 29

bronchodilation and decrease in mucous secretions

Question 30

inhalant medication of choice to treat acute exacerbations of bronchoconstriction

Answer 30

b2 adrenergic agonists

Question 31

t/f b2 adrenergic agonists help control inflammatory pathways

Answer 31

FALSE. need secondary therapy for inflammation

Question 32

inhalant medication choice in all species for acute respiratory distress

Answer 32

(b2 agon) albuterol (+steroids)

Question 33

what is an issue with using B2 adrenergic agonists?

Answer 33

the @ enantiomer can cause an increase in inflammation and reactivity. when given with GCs they help limit these effects

Question 34

what is our rule with giving antibacterials for URT infections`

Answer 34

10 day rule. if the patient cant clear the infection or it gets worse in 10 days you can consider giving antimicrobials

Question 35

what drugs are used to treat R. equi

Answer 35

macrolides because granulomatous infection