drugs for lungs Flashcards
(35 cards)
three commonly used antitussive agents
morphine, butorphanol, hydrocodone
three main classes of bronchodilators
B adrenergic, methylxanthines, anticholinergics
what is the action of B adrenergic drugs for lungs
decrease release of inflammatory mediators, increase mucociliary clearance, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation
adverse effects of B adrenergics
CNS excitement, tachycardia, twitches, inhibits uterine motility
one thing to consider for b adrenergic drugs
they have a fast tolerance.
give a break between doses or give with a GC
what are our three b adrenergic drugs and what species are they used
terbutaline (dog/cat) clenbuterol (horses)
albuterol
what drug can we not use in food animals for bronchodilation
clenbuterol. muscle mass effects
b adrenergic drugs have a drug interaction with ______
anti-arrythmic drugs
where does Methylxanthines act
PDE inhibitor. causes increase in cAMP and bronchodilation
what is more effective B adrenergic agonists or methylxanthines
B adrenergic agonists
what are our three methylxanthines
theophyllINE (dog cat)
aminophylLINE
caffeINE (foals calves)
what is a major thing you need to remember about theophylline PK
the doses differ for all species and all formulations. look it up before you give it
theophylline drug interactions?
many. lots of common drugs. check before you prescribe to patient
how do anticholinergics work on lungs
inhibit vagally mediated smooth muscle tone causing relaxation and bronchodilation, also decreased vagal tone everywhere
what are our anticholinergic drugs
atropine
glycopyrrolate
buscopan (horses)
when do we use anticholinergics.
in respiratory dominant emergency issues (acute asthma)
what is the side effect poem for anticholinergics
cant pee
cant see
cant spit
cant shit (ILEUS)
why dont antihistamines work well in the lungs
antihistamines: only for allergic disease otherwise not the right inflammatory mediator
do we use NSAIDs in lung issues?
sometimes: if fever and systemic inflammation, YES
if asthma, no leukotrienes are responsible here
advantages of inhalant therapies
high [] of drug at the site, fraction of the systemic dose, minimal to no systemic absorption
inhaled drug delivery depends on
respiratory depth and rate
tidal volume
airflow rate
major disadvantage with inhalant therapies
cost
how is drug delivered in a nebulizer
as a vaporized steam or mist
three classes of inhalant therapies
antiinflammatory
bronchodilators
antibacterial (sometimes)
