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Flashcards in basal ganglia and cerebellum Deck (27)
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1
Q

cerebellum made up of ?

A

anterior and posterior lobe

2
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the brainstem via?

A

3 stalks termed Peduncles

3
Q

outputs from the cerebellum?

A

the only output is via the axons of Purkinje cells which mainly synapse on neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei

4
Q

lesion on the right side of the cerebellum will affect which side of the body?

A

ipsilateral so right

5
Q

Unilateral hemispheric lesion in cerebellum causes?

A

Disturbance of coordination in limbs. Can result in intention tremor and unsteady gait in the absence of weakness or sensory loss.

6
Q

what is dysarthria?

A

slow, slurred speech

7
Q

Bilateral cerebellar dysfunction, what would patient be like?

A

dysarthria, bilateral incoordination of the arms and a staggering, wide based gait (cerebellar ataxia).

8
Q

what is inability to produce language, although understanding is generally intact?

A

aphasia (a for apple)

9
Q

what is expressive aphasia also known as?

A

Brocas aphasia

10
Q

what typically results in bilateral cerebellar hemisphere dysfunction and presents with cerebellar ataxia in A and E?

A

acute alcohol exposure

11
Q

what are the functions of the basal ganglia?

A

facilitate purposeful movement
inhibit unwanted movements
role in posture and muscle tone

12
Q

a number of masses of grey matter located near the base of each cerebral hemisphere?

A

basal ganglia

13
Q

name the components of the basal ganglia?

A
caudate nucleus 
putamen 
globus pallidus 
subthalamic nucleus 
substantia nigra
14
Q

darkly stained section of the basal ganglia?

A

substantia nigra

15
Q

what is the pathology of parkinsons disease?

A

degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantial nigra

16
Q

the basal ganglia works with the motor complex to enhance what?

A

enhance the outflow of the thalamus, enhancing the desired movement

17
Q

how does the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to inhibit unwanted movement ?

A

inhibits outflow of the thalamus

18
Q

Unilateral lesions of the basal ganglia affect which side of body?

A

contralateral

19
Q

what are dyskinesias?

A

abnormal, involuntary movements

20
Q

what are examples of dyskinesias?

A

tremor (sinusoidal movements)
chorea (rapid asymmetrical movements, usually affecting distal limb musculature)
myoclonus (muscle jerks)

21
Q

signs of parkinsons disease?

A

akinesia, resting tremor, rigidity

22
Q

what is akinesia?

A

absence of movement

23
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of huntingtons disease?

A

autosomal dominant

24
Q

pathology of huntingtons disease?

A

progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

25
Q

signs of huntingtons disease?

A

chorea and progressive dementia

26
Q

i what conditions do you get change in basal ganglia function?

A

huntingtons and parkinsons

27
Q

where are intended movements initially planned?

A

motor cortex