Basic Anatomy - Lower Extremities

Question 0

Quadriceps/Patellar tendon - common insertion of what thigh muscles?

Answer 0

Quadriceps femoris

Question 1

Rectus femoris: origin

Answer 1

Anterior iliac spine - function: flex at hip joint and extend at knee joint

Question 4

Common insertion of Iliacus and Psoas muscles

Answer 4

Lesser trochanter of femur

Question 5

Thigh has three compartments: if the anterior compartment were flexors then the medial compartment would be?

Answer 5

ADDUCTORS - posterior were extensors

Question 7

Medial thigh compartments - adducts the thigh is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 7

Obturator nerve

Question 8

All are medial thigh muscles except:

Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor magnus

Answer 8

Pectineus - anterior thigh muscle

Question 9

Common insertion of adductor muscles

Answer 9

Linea aspera of femur

Question 10

Adductor tubercle of femur is the insertion of hamstring part of

Answer 10

Adductor magnus - both has adductor and extensor function

Question 11

Nerve blocked during s femoral vein catheterization

Answer 11

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 12

Anterior thigh muscles : flexors of the thigh and extensors of the leg is innervated by?

Answer 12

Femoral nerve

Question 13

Extensors of the thigh - posterior thigh muscles - flexor of the leg is innervated by?

Answer 13

Sciatic nerve

Question 14

Common origin of hamstring muscles

Answer 14

Ischial tuberosity

Question 15

Common origin of Gluteal muscles:

Answer 15

Outer surface of ilium

Question 16

What is the superior border of the femoral triangle (contains nerve, artery and vein of femoral branch)

Answer 16

Inguinal ligament
Medial - adductor longus
Lateral - sartorius

Question 17

Greater trochanter of femur is the common insertion for gluteal muscles except what muscles?

Answer 17

Gluteus maximus - gluteal tuberosity

Quadratus femoris - quadrate tubercle

Question 18

Lumbar plexus formed within the ___muscle by the ventral rami of L1-L4

Answer 18

Psoas major muscles

Question 19

Largest branch of lumbar plexus, lateral border of Psoas

Answer 19

Femoral nerve - L2, L3, L4 - supplies the muscles on the anterior thigh and skin on antero-medial aspect

Question 20

Quadriceps femoris is composed of what?

Answer 20

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

Question 21

Lumbosacral trunk is composed of

Answer 21

L4 joins L5

Question 22

Hernial sac of a femoral hernia is located?

Answer 22

BELOW and LATERAL to pubic tubercle

Question 23

Obturator nerve is from ___. Medial border of Psoas, supplies medial thigh muscles and skin on the medial aspect of the thigh

Answer 23

L2, L3 and L4

Question 24

Sacral plexus lies on the posterior pelvic wall in front of what muscle?

Answer 24

Piriformis muscle

Question 25

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) leave the pelvis through ____ foramen

Answer 25

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Question 26

Superior gluteal (L4-S1) innervates the ___ muscles

Answer 26

Gluteus medius/ Gluteus minimus

Question 27

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) innervates the ___ muscle.

Answer 27

Gluteus maximus

Question 28

Sacral plexus is formed by the anterior rami of ___

Answer 28

L4 and L5 and S1 - S4

Question 29

Pudendal nerve is from?

Answer 29

S2, S3 and S4

Question 30

Lesion: weakend abduction of thigh by gluteus medius, " waddling gait", sagging of pelvis on the unsupported limb, (+) Trendelenburg sign

Answer 30

Superior gluteal nerve injury

Question 31

Patient had an accident resulting to weakness in the ability to laterally rotate and extend the thigh at hip joint. Has difficulty extending the thigh from flexed position: climbing stairs and rising from a chair. What lesion and muscle involved?

Answer 31

Inferior gluteal nerve injury - affecting the Gluteus maximus

Question 32

Sciatic nerve lesions as a result of a posterior dislocation of the femur commonly compressed what roots of the sacral plexus?

Answer 32

L5 and S1 roots are commonly compressed - pain radiates into the L5 and S1 dermatomes of the leg and foot

Question 33

Safest site for the intramuscular injections in the buttock?

Answer 33

Supeolateral part of the buttock - avoid hitting nerves and vessels

Question 34

Lesion with diminished patellar tendon reflex. Weakness in ability to flex the thigh at hip joint and ability to extend the leg at knee joint

Answer 34

Femoral nerve lesion

Question 35

Lesion that has no motor loss but more on pain and paresthesia in the skin of the medial aspect of the leg and foot. Usually lesioned during surgical procedure of the leg

Answer 35

Saphenous nerve lesion

Question 36

Accident results to paresthesia in the skin of medial thigh and unable to adduct the thigh at the hip

Answer 36

Obturator nerve lesions - most commonly lesioned in the pelvis

Question 37

Refers to increased neck shaft angle changes

Answer 37

COXA VALGA - while COXA VARA is decreased neck shaft angle

Question 38

Classification used for femoral neck fracture

Answer 38

Garden classification

Question 39

True/False: during femoral neck fracture, femur is shortened with lateral rotation.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Anterior leg muscles - dorsiflexion and extension are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 40

Deep Peroneal Nerve

Question 41

Lateral leg muscles - plantar flexion and evertion are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 41

Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 42

Posterior leg muscles - plantar flexion and flexion- is innervated by what?

Answer 42

Tibial nerve

Question 43

Gastrocnemius and Soleus: collectively called ______

Answer 43

Triceps Surae - composed the Achilles Tendon

Question 44

It is the only muscle of the posterior leg muscles that cannot plantar flex.

Answer 44

Popliteus

Question 45

Landmark of Dorsalis pedis artery/ dorsalis pedis pulse

Answer 45

Between malleoli or 1st intermetatarsal space

Question 46

Great saphenous drains into

Answer 46

Femoral veins while Small saphenous drains into Popliteal vein

Question 47

What are the cutaneous nerves of the legs?

Answer 47

1. Lateral cutaneous nerve 2. Superficial peroneal nerve 3. Saphanous nerve

Question 48

True/false: Peroneus: plantar flex and evert foot while Tibialis planter flex and invert

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Lesion: can't stand on tiptoes with paresthesia on skin of posterior leg, sole and lateral foot

Answer 49

Tibial nerve lesion

Question 50

Lesion due to compression of neck of fibula, hip fracture or dislocation of femur results to footdrop and steppage gait, pain and paresthesia in lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

Answer 50

Common Peroneal/Fibular nerve lesions

Question 51

Lesion results to weakness on Eversion of foot

Answer 51

Superficial Peroneal lesions

Question 52

Lesion: footdrop and paresthesia in the skin of the webbed space between the great toe and the second toe

Answer 52

Deep Peroneal lesions

Question 53

Anterior superior iliac spine is the origin of what thigh muscle?

Answer 53

Sartorius - lateral rotation

Question 55

Muscles of gluteal region: extensor of the thigh

Answer 55

Gluteus maximus

Question 64

Fascial tunnel from apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus; contents - femoral vein/artery, saphenous nerve and nerve to vastud medialis

Answer 64

Adductor canal/Subsartorial canal/Hunter's canal

Question 65

Nerve supply of the knee joint except: | Femoral n. Obturator n. Common peroneal n. Tibial n. Superficial peroneal n.

Answer 65

Superficial nerve - branch from common peroneal nerve

Question 66

Causes flexion of the knee joint except: Gracilis, Sartorius, Popliteus, Quadriceps femoris

Answer 66

Quadricep femoris - causes extension of knee joint not extension

Question 67

Extra capsular ligament involved in a forced adduction

Answer 67

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 68

Extra capsular ligament involved in forced abduction of the tibia

Answer 68

Medial collateral ligament

Question 69

Intracapsular ligament that prevents forward sliding of the tibia on the femur. Posterior displacement of the femur on tibia Lax during FLEXION

Answer 69

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 70

Intracapsular ligament prevent backward sliding of the tibia on the femur, anterior displacement of the femur on tibia. Lax during EXTENDSION

Answer 70

Posterior cruciate ligaments

Question 71

Ligament attaches to the anterior aspect of tibia and courses posteriorly and externally to attach to the lateral condyle of the femur.

Answer 71

Anterior cruciate ligaments

Question 72

Ligament attaches to the posterior aspect of tibia and courses anteriorly and internally to attach to the medial condyle of the femur.

Answer 72

Posterior cruciate ligaments

Question 73

Commonly injured structures of the knee:

Answer 73

Terrible Triad - tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and ACL

Question 74

Comprises the Unhappy Triad of O'Donoghue

Answer 74

ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus

Question 75

Refers to the forward sliding of the tibia on the femur due to rupture of the anterior cruciate ligaments

Answer 75

Anterior drawer sign

Question 76

Refers to the backward sliding of the tibia on the femur caused by rupture of the Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

Answer 76

Posterior Drawers Sign

Question 77

Refers to the collapse of the lateral compartment of the knee and rupture of the medial/tibial collateral ligament. Tibia is bent or twisted laterally

Answer 77

Knock knee/Genu Valgum

Question 78

Refers to the collapse of the medial compartment of the knee and rupture of the lateral/fibular collateral ligament. Tibia is bent medially

Answer 78

Bowleg/ Genu Varum

Question 79

Bones that composed the ankle joint?

Answer 79

Tibia, fibula, and Talus