Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

XHuman Factors > Basic Aviation Physiology > Flashcards

Basic Aviation Physiology Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The Nervous system is split into

A

Central nervous system - master control unit
Peripheral nervous system - link to outside world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral nervous system is split into

A

The Autononic Nervous system - regulates involuntary stuff
The Somatic Nervous system - relays sensory and motor info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Autonomic nervous system is split into

A

Sympathetic nervous system - prepares the body when presented with a threat (heart rate, respiration, draws stored energy from reserves)

Para-sympathetic nervous system - Replenishes bodily resources and promotes digestion and slowing down other bodily processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nervous system
2 types of sensory receptor
Which ones are in the skin

A

Mechanoreceptors​

Located in the skin, respond to mechanical stimuli that result from physical interaction, like pressure, vibration or any other kind of tension​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nervous system
2 types of sensory receptor
Which ones pick up signals coming from our moving bodies

A

Proprioceptors​

Signals coming from our moving bodies that enable us to respond to the space around and react rapidly in changing circumstances.​

Unreliable in flight without visual contact to the ground.​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The eye
Photopic vision describes?

A

Daylight, Cones sensitivity high, Rods saturated​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The eye
Scotopic Vision describes?

A

Nightlight, Rods sensitivity high, Cones sensitivity low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The eye
Mesopic Vision describes?

A

Intermediate light intensity, Cones and Rods outputs combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The weakest stimulus that a sensory organ can sense is known as?

A

Sensory Threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The sensory threshold can be lowered by

A

Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define:
Sensory adaption

A

A decrease in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation
- like wearing a watch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A decrease in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation
- like wearing a watch
Describes what?

A

Sensory adaption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define:
Habituation

A

A decrease in behavioural response after repeated exposure to a stimulus
-like a gear warner
-you to continue perceiving a stimulus but your CNS stops to respond to it because it becomes of lower importance in the presence of other stimulations​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define:
A decrease in behavioural response after repeated exposure to a stimulus
-like a gear warner
-you to continue perceiving a stimulus but your CNS stops to respond to it because it becomes of lower importance in the presence of other stimulations​

A

Habituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Messages are sent through the nervous system by ……………………….. Means​

A

Electrical and chemical​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by:​

A

The autonomic nervous system​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The main divisions of the Human Nervous System are the :

A

Central and peripheral nervous systems​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The autonomic nervous system comprises:​

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The weakest stimulus that an organism can sense is ​

A

Sensory Threshold​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A fire-detector device emits a test “bip” every 15 seconds. After constant exposure to this “bip” you don’t give it any attention anymore. Your reaction is a result of :​

A

Habituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is Oxygen transported around the body ?

A

By red blood cells combined with haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The factor which most increases the risk of coronary heart disease is:​

A

Family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The normal range of blood pressure is:​

A

Systolic 120
diastolic 80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypotension is:

A

Low blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Low blood pressure can lead to:
Reduced tolerance to g-forces​
26
Cardiac output is the product of:​
Stroke volume and heart rate
27
Which system Carries nutrients and oxygen throughout the body​
Circulatory System
28
What carries blood from heart to body
ARTERIES
29
What carries blood from body to heart
VEINS
30
Describe: a pressure wave caused by the pumping heart
Pulse
31
Define: Pulse Rate
number of strokes per minute​
32
Pulse rate determined by: Physical exercise Emotional arousal Age ? ? ? ?
Body temperature Blood pressure Pain Digestion
33
Pulse rate determined by: Body temperature Blood pressure Pain Digestion ? ? ?
Physical exercise Emotional arousal Age
34
Define: Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta in one contraction
35
Specify amount (inc. unit) one stroke
70 ml
36
Define the sum to establish Cardiac Output
The product of the stroke volume and the heart rate (or pulse rate)​ 70 x 75 = 5250ml = 5.25 liters/min
37
Describe: The pressure exerted on the bloodstream by the heart when it contracts, forcing blood from the ventricles of the heart into the pulmonary artery and the aorta. It represents the period of greatest pressure in the arterial vascular system.​
Systolic
38
Define: Systolic
The pressure exerted on the bloodstream by the heart when it contracts, forcing blood from the ventricles of the heart into the pulmonary artery and the aorta. It represents the period of greatest pressure in the arterial vascular system.​
39
Define: Diastolic
The minimum level of blood pressure exerted on artery walls measured between contractions of the heart. Diastolic blood pressure occurs when blood is rushing back to fill the heart ventricles.​
40
Describe: The minimum level of blood pressure exerted on artery walls measured between contractions of the heart. Diastolic blood pressure occurs when blood is rushing back to fill the heart ventricles.​
Diastolic
41
Normal adult blood pressure
120 mm Hg (systolic)​ 80 mm Hg (diastolic)​
42
Adult blood pressure
Size, age, gender, body weight, emotional state, physical activity and physical condition​
43
Describe: carries blood cells, digested food products (glucose, amino acids, proteins, hormones and enzymes) ​
Plasma
44
Define: Plasma
carries blood cells, digested food products (glucose, amino acids, proteins, hormones and enzymes) ​
45
Define: Red blood cells
contain hemoglobin, carry oxygen to the cells and tissues​
46
Define: White blood cells
have large nuclei to engulf and destroy invading bacteria. Their main function is the defense against disease​
47
Define: Platelets
are the smallest of the blood cells and assist in the blood clotting process​
48
Describle: The protein molecule in red blood cells ​ Every molecule contains one atom of iron ​ Gives the blood a chemical attraction for oxygen​ Gives the blood its red colour ​ Red blood cells carry 95% of all oxygen​ Remainder is suspended in plasma.​
Haemoglobin
49
Saturation levels of haemoglobin at Sea level
97.5%
50
Saturation levels of haemoglobin at 10,000ft
87%
51
Saturation levels of haemoglobin at 20,000ft
Rapid fall to 65%
52
having less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood is called...
Anaemia
53
Anaemia does what to the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
decreases it
54
Common causes of Anaemia
Excessive blood loss​ Excessive red blood cell destruction (“hemolysis”)​ Deficient red blood cell production​
55
A persistent condition of high blood pressure inside the blood vessels is called...
A persistent condition of high blood pressure inside the blood vessels
56
What blood pressure is described as unfit
160 / 95 Systolic 160mmHg Diastolic 95mmHg
57
Hypertension - common causes
Lack of exercise​ Age Stress Dietary factors​ Smoking Smoking
58
Hypertension - symptoms​
Heart palpitations​ Nose bleeds ​Shortness of breath​ Angina Headaches
59
Hypertension – potential consequences​
Stroke​ Coronary heart disease​ Kidney failure​
60
How do your correct for hypertension
Lifestyle
61
Hypotension would be described by what blood pressure reading?
90mmHg Systolic 60mmHg Diastolic
62
Hypotension leads to
shortage of oxygen to the tissues
63
Hypotension symptoms
Lethargy/tiredness​ Reduced resistance to the effects of shock​ Congestion of the respiratory system​ Stagnation in the blood supply​ Reduced capability to withstand positive g-forces​
64
Coronary Artery Disease
Severely clogged coronary arteries may impede the heart’s normal blood supply causing it to starve of oxygen and nutrients and at the same time, impeding it from getting rid of waste substances excreted by its cells.​
65
Hypotension - common causes
Age​ Genetics​ Disorders of the endocrine system​ Haemorrhage​ Temperature​
66
Coronary Artery Disease – contributing factors​
Family history​ Smoking​ Hypertension​ High blood cholesterol​ Lack of exercise​ Diabetes​
67
Angina
The progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries generates a deficient cardiac output due to the insufficiency to supply enough oxygen and nutrients to the muscle. ​
68
Angina symptoms
tiredness and difficulty in breathing during actions that require physical effort.​ It’s an intense chest pain !​
69
Heart attack​
Total blockage of a coronary artery​ Consequent death of that part of the heart muscle​
70
Heart attack - symptoms
Chest pain Increased heart rate and shortage of breath​ Nausea / vomiting​ Pallor and sweating

XHuman Factors (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions