Chapter 8 Threats to aviation Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the cause of decompression sickness?
Nitrogen from the body is released and forms small gas bubbles which block blood vessels.
Decompression sickness can be avoided by:
Avoiding flights with a cabin altitude of _____ft?
Maintaining cabin altitude of ____ft?
Breathing ____% ______ __ mins before and during flight?
> 18,000ft +
< 8,000ft
Breathing 100% oxygen 30mins before and during flight
Symptoms of decompression sickness are:
(4)
The bends - Joints
The creeps - skin
The chokes - Choking sensation
The staggers - Disturbances in walking
There should be a gap between Scuba diving (not snorkeling) and flying.
What is that gap?
Shallow diving (30ft or less) with compressed air
Deeper diving (30ft or more) with compressed air
Shallow diving (30ft or less) with compressed air - 12hours
Deeper diving (30ft or more) with compressed air - 24hours
Why would you put someone in a compression chamber?
What does it do?
Suffering decompression sickness.
Forces nitrogen back into sollution
What kind of acceleration would be experienced when increasing or decreasing speed?
Linear acceleration
An aircraft is pitching up or down. What type of acceleration is this?
Angular acceleration
An aircraft is pitching up or down. What type of acceleration is this?
Angular acceleration
The effects on positive-G on the human body will depend on: (3)
Magnitude
Duration
Speed of onset
Effects of positive G
Apparent increase in body weight.
Mobility impaired.
Internal organs are displaced downwards from their normal positions.
The blood accumulates in the lower parts of the body.
Reduction of blood pressure in the head and blood supply to the brain, heart and eyes.
Eyes receive less oxygen.
Incomplete combustion of fuel can create what?
Carbon Monoxide
What does haemoglobin like 200 times more than oxygen?
Carbon monoxide
What actions can be taken if you suspect carbon monoxide?
Ventilate
land
close hot air vents
Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms:
Headache
Dizziness
flu-like symptoms
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Sore throat
Dry cough
Long term:
Bright pink skin
mental confusion
Unconscious
Death
What are the risks to people specifically at high altitude? (3)
OZone
Cosmic radiation
UV
What is the altitude at which the pilot should start carrying radiation monitoring equipment.
What is the monitoring equipment monitoring?
49,000 +
Instant dose
Cumulative dose
Which tube equalised the pressure in the middle ear with ambient pressure?
The eustachian tube
Barotrauma is caused by rapid or extreme changes in air pressure, especially affecting enclosed cavities within the body
There are 4 main types:
Otic
Sinus
Gastrointestinal
Aerodontalgia
Which type of Barotrauma can we worse in the decent?
Otic
What is the name of the technique used to equalise the pressure either side of the eustachian tube?
Holding the nose and blowing?
Valsalva
A cold can make two types of barotrauma significantly worse. Which two?
Otic
Sinus
Gastrointestinal
Aerodontalgia
Otic
Sinus
What is the most common type on infight incapacitation for flight crew?
Gastrointestinal upsets.