Basic concepts and cells

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

Face, palms, feet forward. Upper/lower limbs vertical

Question 2

Axial region

Answer 2

(everything but limbs) head, neck, trunk

Question 3

Appendicular region (arm)

Answer 3

arm (upper), forearm (middle), hand (lower)

Question 4

Appendicular region (leg)

Answer 4

thigh (upper), leg (middle), foot (lower)

Question 5

Superior / inferior

Answer 5

Upward / downward

Question 6

Anterior / posterior

Answer 6

Toward front / behind

Question 7

Cranial / caudal

Answer 7

Toward head end / toward tail end

Question 8

Ventral / dorsal

Answer 8

Toward belly side / toward back

Question 9

Frontal plane

Answer 9

Divides body anterior / posterior (slicing thru head)

Question 10

Transverse plane

Answer 10

Divides body into superior / inferior parts (cross section)

Question 11

Sagittal plane

Answer 11

Divides body into left right parts (thru butt)

Question 12

Mid-sagittal vs parasagittal?

Answer 12

Mid-sagittal is at the midline and parasagittal is not

Question 13

What are all living organisms made of?

Answer 13

Cells

Question 14

What are cells grouped into?

Answer 14

Tissues

Question 15

Tissues

Answer 15

Group of cells with a similar structure that performs a common function

Question 16

What are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 16

Epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, and nervous

Question 17

Epithelium tissue

Answer 17

For lining of surfaces

Question 18

Connective tissue

Answer 18

Framework

Question 19

Muscle tissue

Answer 19

For movement and protection

Question 20

Nervous tissue

Answer 20

For communication and thinking

Question 21

What do tissues combine to form?

Answer 21

Organs

Question 22

How far apart are cells?

Answer 22

~10 micrometers

Question 23

What do cells rely on?

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

Plasma membrane

Answer 24

Phospholipid bilayer surrounding cell

Question 25

What do the proteins in plasma membranes do?

Answer 25

They control entering and exiting

Question 26

What is the semi-liquid material between organelles in the cytoplasm?

Answer 26

Cytosol

Question 27

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 27

Makes products in cytoplasm

Question 28

Vesicle

Answer 28

Transports materials in cytoplasm

Question 29

Golgi apparatus

Answer 29

Packages products from ER and transports them in cytoplasm

Question 30

Lysosomes

Answer 30

Demolishes materials in cytoplasm

Question 31

Mitochondria

Answer 31

Generates power

Question 32

Cytoskeleton

Answer 32

Rod-like proteins in the cell providing support and movement

Question 33

Microtubules

Answer 33

Trackway for transport of materials to and from center of cell

Question 34

Intermediate filaments

Answer 34

Prevent cell from being torn apart by tension (pulling) forces

Question 35

Microfilaments

Answer 35

Mainly consists of actin, which interacts with myosin to produce changes in cell shape

Question 36

Nucleus

Answer 36

Control center of cell

Question 37

Cell junctions

Answer 37

Specialized cell-to-cell contact

Question 38

Tight junctions

Answer 38

Prevents diffusion across tissue through extracellular space

Question 39

Desmosomes

Answer 39

Anchors adjacent cells together

Question 40

Gap junctions

Answer 40

Passageway from one cell to another