Basic CT and Sectional Anatomy Overview Flashcards by Courtney W

Build, physique, and general shape of the human body.

Body habitus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5% of body habitus
Short, wide trunk
Great weight with heavy skeletal framework
Diaphragm is high, short lung field
Stomach and gallbladder are high
Transverse colon is high
Obese

Hypersthenic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

50% (dominant habitus)
Moderately heavy
Lung and Diaphragm are moderately high
Stomach is high
Transverse colon is at a slight dip

Sthenic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

35% of body habitus
Slender, falls between sthenic and asthenic
Moderate weight and skeletal framework
Lower alimentary tract

Hyposthenic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

10% of body habitus
Build is frail
Organs are low lying, low the stomach and heart
Gallbladder is almost midline

Asthenic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 types of bone

Compact bone

Spongy bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dense and homogeneous type of bone that forms the walls of bone

Compact bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of bone composed of slender intertwined pieces of bone enclosing a space filled with non-bone tissue, found in the interior of normal bone

Spongy bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 planes of the body

Sagittal
Coronal
Axial, transverse, horizontal, or cross sectional plane
Oblique

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plane that runs down through the body, dividing the body into left and right portions

Sagittal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plane that passes through the body and divides it into equal right and left halves

Midsagittal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plane that runs perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior (front and back) portions

Coronal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plane that passes through the body and divides it into equal anterior and posterior halves

Midcoronal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

Axial, transverse, horizontal, or cross sectional plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plane that divides the body at an angle between the horizontal and vertical planes

Oblique

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 types of tissue

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tissue that covers internal and external surfaces of the body, including lining of the vessels and organs, such as the stomach and intestines

Epithelial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tissues that bind together and support the various structures
Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone

Connective

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tissues that make up the substance of a muscle

Muscular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tissues that make up the substance of nerves and nerve centers

Nervous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

13 systems of the human body

Skeletal
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive
Nervous
Muscular
Endocrine
Integumentary
Lymphatic
Immune
Articular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The bones of the body and their associated cartilages

Internal support of the body, protection of the body, and storage of minerals

Skeletal system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The blood, heart, and blood vessels
Distribution of oxygen and nutrients to the cells, carrying carbon dioxide and wastes from the cells, protection against disease, and regulation of body temperature

Cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A tubular passageway and associated organs like the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Elimination of solid wastes and physical and chemical breakdown of food for cell usage

Digestive system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The lungs and a series of passageways in and out of the lungs Supplies oxygen, elimination of carbon dioxide, and regulation of body acid-base balance

Respiratory system

The organs of urine production, collection, and elimination Regulation of blood chemical composition, elimination of wastes, and regulation of fluid/electrolyte balance and volume Organs that collect urine, like kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Urinary system

``` The organs (testes and ovaries) for production of reproductive cells (sperm and ova) and organs for transportation and storage of those cells Passage of genetic material from generation to generation ```

Reproductive system

The brain, the spinal cord, the nerves, and the sense organs (like eyes, ears) Regulation of body activities through the generation and conductive transmission of nerve impulses

Nervous system

The muscle tissue of the body including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth contractile muscle Movement and maintenance of body posture

Muscular system

3 types of muscle tissue

Skeletal Visceral or smooth Cardiac

The glands and tissues of hormone production Regulation of body activities through transportation of hormones by the blood vascular system Ductless glands, like the testes, ovaries, pancreas, adrenals, thymus (important for the production of white blood cells), thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, and pituitary

Endocrine system

The skin, hair, nails, and sweat/oil glands | Regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, and external support of the body

Integumentary system

Lymph nodes, vessels, and ducts and glands Return of protein and fluid to the blood vascular system, protection of white blood cells, and picks up fluids leaked from the capillaries and supports immune system

Lymphatic system

Lymphatic organs/tissue concerned with protection of the body from invasion of disease causing agents Resistance to disease causing agents

Immune system

Joints and their associated ligaments | Flexible fibrous connective tissue at points of contact between bones or cartilage and bones

Articular system

How many primary bones compose the adult human skeleton?

206

Supports and protects the head and trunk with 80 bones

Axial skeleton

Allows the body to move in various positions with 126 bones

Appendicular skeleton

2 parts of the skull and the number of bones in them

Cranium - 8 | Facial Bones - 14

5 parts of the axial skeleton

``` Skull Hyoid Auditory Vertebral column Thorax ```

5 parts of the vertebral column and the number of bones in them

``` Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - 1 (fused 5) Coccyx - 1 (fused 4) ```

4 parts of the appendicular skeleton

Shoulder girdle Upper limbs Lower limbs Pelvic girdle

2 parts of the shoulder girdle

Clavicles (2) | Scapula (2)

6 auditory bones

Stapes (2) Incus (2) Malleus (2)

6 parts of the upper limbs and how many bones are in them

``` Humerus - 2 Ulna - 2 Radius - 2 Carpals - 16 Metacarpals - 10 Phalanges - 28 ```

Two hip bones

Pelvic girdle

7 parts of the lower limbs and how many bones are in them

``` Femur - 2 Tibias - 2 Fibula - 2 Patella - 2 Tarsals - 14 Metatarsals - 10 Phalanges - 28 ```

8 carpal bones

``` Trapezoid/Lesser Multangular Trapezium/Greater Multangular Scaphoid/Navicular Capitate/Os Magnum Lunate/Semilunar Triquetral/Triangular/Triquetrum Pisiform/Lentiform Hamate/Unciform ```

7 tarsal bones

``` Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid Talus Calcaneus aka heel bone (Os Calcis) Navicular/scaphoid ```

A broad and thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates many of the bones of the body

Interosseous membrane

Ridge on the femur that gives attachment to the pectineus muscle

Pectineal line

Ridge on the femur that gives attachment to the gluteus maximus

Gluteal tuberosity

A ridge on the femur that is important for the adductor muscles

Linea aspera

3 functional types of joints

Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis

Immovable joints | Ex: cranial sutures

Synarthrosis

Joints with limited movement | Ex: roots of teeth

Amphiarthrosis

Freely moveable joint | Ex: knee joint

Diarthrosis

4 classifications of bones

Long Short Flat Irregular

Bones that are longer than they are wide | All bones of the limbs except for the wrist and ankle bones

Long bones

Cube-shaped bones that are found in the wrist and ankle of the limbs

Short bones

Thin, flat and often curved bones that include some bones of the skull, the ribs and the sternum

Flat bones

Bones that do not fit conveniently into any category according to their shape

Irregular

Bones that develop in some tendons in locations where there is considerable friction, tension, and physical stress These bones include: on the 1st metatarsal, on the 1st metacarpal, the pisiform bone on the carpals, and patella

Sesamoid bones

6 types of joint movement

``` Gliding Hinge Pivot Ellipsoid/condyloid Saddle Ball and socket ```

Sliding motion back and forth or side to side Because they are bound by ligaments, they may not allow movement in all directions Ex: intercarpal joints of the wrist or intertarsals joints of the foot

Gliding

Permit flexion and extension A convex portion of one bone fits into a concave portion of another Example: elbow, knee

Hinge

Allows rotational movement around a single axis of the 1st bone around the 2nd A rounded portion of one bone fits into a groove in another bone Example: head of the radius which rotates within a groove of the ulna; atlas and axis (atlas rotates around the dens of the axis and allows the head to rotate to either side)

Pivot

Permit flexion and extension AND abduction and adduction AND circumduction Ex: radiocarpal joint of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand

Ellipsoid/condyloid

Like the ellipsoid joint except the two saddle-like structures fit into each other and allows greater freedom of movement Ex: first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, this is the only one

Saddle

Allows the greatest freedom of motion, adds lateral and medial rotation to the ellipsoid The spherical head of one bone fits into a concave “socket” of another bone Ex: hip joint or shoulder joint; the only two

Ball and socket

Lying on back

Supine

Lying on stomach

Prone

Standing

Erect

Lying down in any position, (prone, supine, lateral...)

Recumbent

Head is lower than the feet

Trendelenburg

Lying on left anterior side with the left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed, used in a modified version for BE

Sims

Head is higher than the feet

Fowlers

Supine position, with knees and hips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports Used in HSG

Lithotomy

Outward stress movement

Eversion

Inward stress movement

Inversion

Movement forward; gliding motion anteriorly | Ex: scapulae, mandible

Protraction

Movement backward; moves structure back to anatomic position or even further posteriorly Ex: scapulae, mandible

Retraction

Lifting, raising, or movement of a part superiorly

Elevation

Letting down, lowering, or moving a part inferiorly

Depression

Circular movement of a limb

Circumduction

Flexion or bending the foot toward the leg

Dorsiflexion

Flexion or bending the foot downward toward the sole

Plantar flexion

Turning away from the regular standard or course

Deviation

Where the contents of the esophagus empty into the stomach

Cardia

Basic CT and Sectional Anatomy Overview Flashcards

(89 cards)