Basic Immunology

Question 0

Toll-like receptors are present in all except
A.plasma membrane
B.endosomal vesicles
C.nucleus
D.none of those mentioned

Answer 0

C

Question 1

Differentiate pathogen-assoc molecular patterns from damage-assoc molecular patterns

Answer 1

Pathogen-assoc - capable of recognizing certain microbial components that are shared among related microbe

Damage-assoc- recognized by leukocytes in injured and necrotic cells

Question 2

Toll-like receptors activate the ff except
A.NF-kB
B.macrophages
C.interferon regulatory factors
D.none of those mentioned

Answer 2

B

Question 3

NOD-like receptors recognize all except
A.nutrient deficiencies
B.necrotic cell products
C.ion disturbances
D.microbial products

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An inflammasome is signaled by \_\_
A.Toll-like receptor
B.NOD-like receptor
C.both
D.none of those mentioned

Answer 4

B

Question 5

What does an inflammasome directly activate?
A.caspase-1
B.IL-1
C.both of the two
D.none of those mentioned

Answer 5

A

Question 6

What does caspase-1 do, once activated by inflammasome?

Answer 6

Cleave precursor form of IL-1 to generate biologically active form

Question 7

What do C-type lectin receptors recognize?
A.fungal glycans
B.viral nucleic acids
C.short bacterial peptides
D.microbial sugars

Answer 7

A

Question 8

What do RIG-like receptors recognize?
A.fungal glycans
B.viral nucleic acids
C.short bacterial peptides
D.microbial sugars

Answer 8

B

Question 9

What do G protein-coupled receptors recognize?
A.fungal glycans
B.viral nucleic acids
C.short bacterial peptides
D.microbial sugars

Answer 9

C

With N-formylmethionyl residues

Question 10

What do Mannose receptors recognize?
A.fungal glycans
B.viral nucleic acids
C.short bacterial peptides
D.microbial sugars

Answer 10

D

Question 11

type __ interferons are produced in response to viruses that act on infected/uninfected cells

Answer 11

I

Question 12

Defensins are provided by \_\_
A. Epithelial cells
B. Muscle cells
C. Lymph nodes
D. All of the above

Answer 12

A

Question 13

What do dendritic cells do?

Answer 13

Capture protein antigens and display peptides for recog by T lymphocytes

Question 14

In innate immunity, complement system is activated by what pathway/s?
A.classical
B.alternative
C.lectin
D. B and C
E. A and B
F. A, B and C

Answer 14

D

Question 15

True or false. Innate immunity has memory cells

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is clonal selection?

Answer 16

Lymphocytes specific for a large number of antigens exist before exposure to antigen, and when the antigen enters, it selectively activates the antigen-specific cells

Question 17

Antigenic receptor diversity is generated by ___

Answer 17

Somatic recombination

Question 18

Which is TRUE about T cell receptor?
A. Has alpha and beta polypeptide chains
B. Able to recognize peptide antigens displayed by MHC
C. Both are true

Answer 18

C

Question 19

B lymphocytes are not the only cells in the body capable of producing antibodies. T or F?

Answer 19

F

Question 20

Differentiate effector cell in CMI from that in humoral immunity

Answer 20

CMI - T cell activates macrophages to kill ingested microbes

Humoral - cell effectively phagocytoses and destroys microbes that are coated

Question 21

Antibody used to coat microbes in humoral immunity

Answer 21

IgG

Question 22

Complement protein used to coat microbes in humoral immunity

Answer 22

C3b

Question 23

Immature dendritic cells within the epidermis

Answer 23

Langerhans cells

Question 24

At any time, more than half of the body's lymphocytes are in the mucosal tissues and many of these are memory cells. T or F?

Answer 24

T

Question 25

__ lymphocytes traverse the peripheral lymphoid organs where antigens are concentrated

Answer 25

Naive

Question 26

__ lymphocytes migrate to sites of infection and inflammation to eliminate microbes

Answer 26

Effector

Question 27

Mature, naïve T cells migrate fr thymus to lymph nodes via ___

Answer 27

High endothelial venules

Question 28

Affinity of naïve T cells to HEV caused by __

Answer 28

Interaction of L-selectin and integrin to their ligands

Question 29

``` L-selectin and integrin are __ molecules A. Transport B. Adhesion C. Inflammatory D. All of the above ```

Answer 29

B

Question 30

``` Naïve T cells become activated when exposed to antigens in __ A. Spleen B. Lymph nodes C. Blood vessels D. All of the above ```

Answer 30

B

Question 31

``` Transport of Activated T cells to infection site is mediated by __ A. E-selectin B. P-selectin C. Integrin D. chemokine E. All of the above ```

Answer 31

E

Question 32

Molecule that displays peptide fragments of proteins for recognition by antigen-specific cells

Answer 32

Major Histocompatibility Complex

Question 33

Genes encoding HLA molecules are clusteredd on ___

Answer 33

Small segment of chromosome 6

Question 34

There are many alleles of MHC genes in humans, but all humans express the same MHC genes. True or false

Answer 34

False Diff human, diff HLA

Question 35

CD8+ cells are class __ MHC restricted

Answer 35

I

Question 36

CD4+ cells are class __ MHC restricted

Answer 36

II

Question 37

Class __ MHC is in all nucleated cells and platelets

Answer 37

I

Question 38

Class __ MHC are on antigen-presenting cells & cells that respond to T-helper cells

Answer 38

II

Question 39

Factor that Increases leukocyte numbers during immune and inflammatory responses

Answer 39

Colony stimulating factor

Question 40

IFN gamma is a cytokine produced in both innate and adaptive immunity responses. True or false?

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Microbe elicits immune response only once recognized by T cells/B cells. True or false?

Answer 41

False. It elicits response thru recognition by pattern recognition

Question 42

Differentiate cell-interdigitating fr follicular dendritic cells

Answer 42

Follicular - APC to B cells. Humoral immunity | Cell-Interdigitating - APC to T cells. CMI

Question 43

Destroys irreversibly stressed and abnormal cells Identify!

Answer 43

NK cells

Question 44

NK cells have IgG receptors at cell surface. This exhibits __

Answer 44

Antibody-dep cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Question 45

A reactive lymph node has __ follicles A.many B.few C.it does not matter

Answer 45

A

Question 46

In lymph nodes, B cells are concentrated in ___

Answer 46

Follicles

Question 47

If the B cells in a follicle have recently responded to an antigen, this follicle may contain a central region called ___

Answer 47

Germinal center

Question 48

In lymph nodes, T cells are concentrated in ___

Answer 48

Paracortex

Question 49

In the spleen, where are the T cells concentrated?

Answer 49

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

Question 50

All antibody responses are T cell dependent. T or F?

Answer 50

F. There are antigens that cannot be recognized by T cells but have multiple identical antigenic determinants(epitopes), and they can initiate B cell response