Fungal Infections Flashcards by Joan Ravalo

fungal infection of the nail is also called:

ONYCHOMYCOSES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS causative agents

Coccidiodides immitis and C. posadassi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

false about PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
A. Primary route of infection is cutaneous
B. Primary infection is usually unapparent and
asymptomatic
C. Subsequent dissemination can cause striking
lymph node involvement

respiratory dapat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS causative agent

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is aka _

Mariner’s Wheel)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

false about molds
A)Multicellular filaments
B)Form mycelia
C)Produce round cells called hyphae
D)Spread airborne

conidia dapat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

process of asexual reproduction for molds

sporulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

false about hyphae of moles
A. Long strands of tubular structures
B. Grows and divides at the tips
C. All are aseptate

pwede rin septate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Single or chains of vegetative cells forming smooth, creamy bacterial-like colony without aerial hyphae

yeast

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

buds that fail to detach and become elongated, producing a chain of elongated yeast cells

pseudohyphae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which fungal species reproduces via pseudohyphae

Candida albicans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A. Body temp: yeast
B. Room temp: mold
C. Soil: yeast
D. Water: mold

Which letter/s is/are false about dimorphic fungi?

C and D

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cell wall component of fungi

chitin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cell membrane component of fungi

ergosterol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

identify the type of hyphae: Has nonpigmented or brightly pigmented hyphae

hyaline hyphae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Darkly pigmented hyphae due to melanin

identify!

dematiaceous hyphae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dematiaceous hyphae: seen more clearly via __

Fontana-Masson stain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cross walls that divide them into unicellullar units
- Pores to allow cytoplasm & nuclei to pass

identify

septate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

another term for aseptate hyphae

coenocytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fungi are chemotrophs. what substances are in-charge of absorption of nutrients + digestion
surrounding materials?

exoenzymes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

enumerate reproduction patterns of filamentous fungi

o Asexually by fragmentation of hyphae

o Asexually and sexually by spores

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

enumerate reproduction patterns of yeasts

o Asexually by budding or fission

o Sexually by spores

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are mycorrhizae?

structures that have association with roots of vascular plants;assist in absorption of water and minerals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“an-an” is __ mycoses

a. superficial
b. cutaneous
c. systemic
d. opportunistic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

causative agent of "an-an"

Malasezzia furfur

official name of "an-an"

pityriasis versicolor

Effect of pityriasis versicolor is due to enzymes that do which actions?

whiten area, absorb UV light

``` How can Malasezzia furfur best be seen? A. NaOH preparation B. yellow fluorescence on Wood’s lamp C. both ```

B Sa A, KOH dapat

Frequently occurs in the inguinal areas of obese men during warm weather due to heat, friction and maceration identify

jock itch

jock itch is also known as?

hadhad

causative agent of hadhad

Tinea cruris

causative agent of alipunga or athlete's foot

Tinea pedis

ringworm of the scalp is also known as __

Tinea capitis

Uncommon dermatophyte infection of the beard area that affects adult men. identify causative agent

Tinea barbae

``` Which is not a causative agent of ONYCHOMYCOSES? A.Trichophyton sp. B.Microsporum sp. C.Epidermophyton sp. D.Trichosporon sp. ```

What is chromoblastomycosis?

Chronic mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

another name for Rose-gardener's disease

LYMPHOCUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS

causative agent of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Sporothrix schenkii

False about pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenkii A. from point of entry --> thoracic duct --> lungs B. nodular and ulcerative lesions along lymph channels draining inoculation site C. both are false

A heart dapat

o Infections of subcutaneous tissue at site of inoculation o Usually infects farmers o Can be caused by bacteria (actinomycotic) or fungi (eumycotic) identify!

mycetoma

Infective form is __ for systemic mycoses

yeast

false about blastomycosis A. Can be seen in 10% KOH or calcofuor white preparations of material from tissues B. Gastrointestinal, disseminated via bloodstream C. Both

b pulmonary dapat

causative agent of blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatitidis

false about histoplasmosis A. Serologic procedures are available B. Latent or self-limited pulmonary involvement C. Chronic progressive secondary lung disease D. Only affects pulmonary system

D Localized lesions in extrapulmonary sites

causative agent of histoplasmosis

Histoplasma capsulatum

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS and PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS are what type of mycoses?

systemic mycoses

Causative agent of candidiasis is __

C.albicans

C.albicans usually live as benign commensals and seldom produce disease in healthy people. T/F?

A.Involves coordinated regulation of phase-specific genes B.Provides a way for Candida to adapt to changes in the host environment Identify the phenomenon!

Phenotypic switching

False about morphology of C.albicans A.In tissues: yeast-like forms B.True hyphae > pseudohyphae in number C.Both

B. Baliktad :)

Enumerate virulence factors of Candida albicans

Adhesins Biofilm Enzymes

``` Integrin-like protein of Candida binds to all except A.fibrinogen B.fibronectin C.fibrin D.laminin ```

``` Agglutinin of Candida binds to all except A.endothelial cells B.fibronectin C.laminin D.none of the 3 ```

Where does Candida transglutaminase substrate-like protein bind?

Epithelial cell

Candida enzyme that degrades ECM protein

Aspartyl proteinases

Candida enzyme that resists oxidative killing by phagocytic cells

Catalases

Candida enzyme that blocks neutrophil oxygen radical prod

Adenosine

Microbial communities consists of mixtures of yeast,filamentous forms,fungal-derived ECM Identify

Biofilm

Candida filamentous forms... A. Elicit TH2 response B. Cannot escape phagocytosis C. Both

Yeast form of Candida elicits __ response

TH1

Candida causes this superficial infection on mucosal surfaces of oral cavity

Oral thrush

``` Candida grows best in: A.warm, dry envt B.dry, cold envt C.cold, moist envt D.warm, moist envt ```

__ - moist, intertriginous skin such as armpits or webs of the fingers and toes; infections in the skinfolds

Intertrigo

Causative agent of intertrigo

C.albicans

Top 3 sites of Inflammation c/o Candida: enumerate

Esophagus Vagina Endocardiumo

Invasive candidiasis is still local mycosis. True or false?

False, may blood borne dissem na

Candida infections of the mouth and vagina produce __,which are easily detached to reveal a reddened, irritated mucosa

superficial curdy white patches,

Manif of invasive candidiasis in neutropenic persons

Microabscesses surr by tissue necrosis

Two causative agents of Cryptococcus disease

Cryptococcus neoformans | Cryptococccus gattil

False about Cryptococcus neoformans A.Can cause meningoencephalitis B.Major risk factor: high dose corticosteroids C.Present in the soil and in bird droppings D.infection via ingestion

D Inhalation!

True abt Cryptococcus gattil A.Less likely than C. neoformans to cause disease in immunologically normal individuals B.Associated with certain species of trees C.Acquired by sexual contact

B A:more dapat C:inhalation dapat

Which is false? A.Cryptococcus: dimorphic fungus B.Thick gelatinous capsule containing a polysaccharide C. Resists carbon particles

A Yeast form lang

PAS and mucicarmine in tissues: used to detect what? Identify also color manif.

Cryptococcus; intense red

What is used to achieve negative image? Does it have high sensitivity?

India ink; No

Enumerate virulence factors of Cryptococcus

Polysaccharide capsule Melanin-like pigment production Enzymes

Enumerate polysacch capsule virulence factors of Cryptococcus

Glucoronoxylomannin | Phenotypic switching

[CRYPTOCOCCUS] | Glucoronoxylomannin action???

- inhibits phagocytosis by macrophages, leukocyte migration and inflammatory cell recruitment

In Cryptococcus,Melanin-like pigment prod is catalyzed by __

Laccase

[Enzymes of Cryptococcus] | Serum proteinase – action?

cleave fibronectin and BM proteins + aid tissue invasion •

[Enzymes of Cryptococcus] | Mannitol dehydrogenase – action

inhibit neutrophil oxygen radical killing

In healthy individuals, C. neoformans can form a __

solitary pulmonary granuloma

In immunocompromised/suppressed, it produces __

small cysts within the gray matter of the brain

Most common pathogenic species of aspergillosis

Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillosis morphology- which is false A.fruiting bodies B.septate filaments C.branching at right angles

C Acute dapat

False about aspergillosis pathogenesis A.Transmitted by waterborne conidia B. Lung is major portal of entry because of its small size that enables it to reach the alveoli C.From Conidia, it turns to hyphae: invade the tissues

A Airborne dapat

Enumerate virulence factors of Cryptococcus

``` Adhesins Antioxidants Enzymes Toxins Sensitization to Spores ```

What is aflatoxin?

@ Peanut surface | Carcinogen

Cells involved in immune resp vs aspergillosis

Neutrophils | Macrophages

False about colonizing aspergillosis A.Growth of fungus in the pulmonary cavities B.Maximized invasion of the tissues C.Nose is often colonized D.Formation of brownish “fungus balls” within cavities

False about Invasive Aspergillosis A.Primary lesion in lung leads to necrotizing pneumonia B.Heart and brain ➡️local infection C.Associated with neutropenia

B Blood dissem dapat

Target lesions of necrotizing pneumonia, in invasive aspergillosis

sharply delineated, rounded, gray foci and hemorrhagic borders

Causative agent of zygomycosis

Bread mold fungi

Not disposing factor of zygomycosis A.Neutropenia and corticosteroid B.Diabetes mellitus C.Iron underload D.Breakdown of cutaneous barrier

C Overload dapat

Spores transmitted by bread mold fungi are A.airborne B.asexual C.sensitive to heat

C Thermotolerant dapat

``` Which is not host IR vs aspergillosis? A.phagocytosis B.oxidative killing C.neutrophil action D.T cell action ```

A.Non-septate, irregularly wide hyphae B.Acute angle branching C.Nasal sinuses, lungs, GI tract False about bread mold fungi

B Right dapat

A.Uncommon in DM patients B.Local tissue necrosis C.Meningitis D.Hemorrhagic pneumonia False about rhinocerebral zygomycosis

Fungal Infections Flashcards

(97 cards)