Basic Neuro

Question 1

sensory/afferent neurons are what?

Answer 1

sensors that are sensitive to light, sound, touch, temperature, smell, and chemical input

Afferent neurons= receive incoming info

Question 2

motor/efferent neurons are what?

Answer 2

actors that receive from other cells, giving rise to muscle impulses and secretion of hormones

Efferent neuron= sending info out

Question 3

interneurons are what?

Answer 3

connect one neuron to another and can notify motor neurons to move part of body that has detected dangerous sensory info

Question 4

how many cells does human brain contain?

Answer 4

1.1 trillion

Question 5

more than how many are neurons?

Answer 5

100 billion

Question 6

neurotransmitters do what?

Answer 6

are released in the axon terminal at the synapse
assist in the regulation of brain’s ability to control speech/language, motivation, pain, stress, personality, mood, attention, memory

Question 7

what are 3 layers of meninges?

Answer 7

dura mater
arachnoid membrane
(subarachnoid space is between AM and PM)
pia mater

Question 8

what are ventricles?

Answer 8

fluid filled cavities in the brain

Question 9

name 4 ventricles

Answer 9

2 lateral
3rd
4th

Question 10

where is CSF found?

Answer 10

within each ventricle, the choroid plexus produces CSF

Question 11

what lobe is anterior to central sulcus?

Answer 11

frontal

Question 12

what lobe is inferior to sylvian fissure?

Answer 12

temporal

Question 13

what lobe is located between occipital and central sulcus?

Answer 13

parietal

Question 14

what lobe is located at posterior part of brain?

Answer 14

occipital

Question 15

what lobe is affected if you experience: loss of simple movement, loss of ability to spontaneously interact?

Answer 15

frontal

Question 16

what lobe is affected if you experience: mood changes, inability to speak, perseveration

Answer 16

frontal

Question 17

what lobe is affected if you experience: have prosopagnosia and logorrhea

Answer 17

temporal

Question 18

what lobe is affected if you experience: diff. understanding spoken words, short term memory loss, increased aggressive behavior

Answer 18

temporal

Question 19

what lobe is affected if you experience: an inability to attend to more than 1 object at a time, diff. drawing objects, and diff. knowing left from right?

Answer 19

parietal

Question 20

what lobe is affected if you experience: unilateral neglect, diff. hand-eye coordination, and impaired perception of touch

Answer 20

parietal

Question 21

what lobe is affected if you experience: visual field cuts, diff. identifying colors, word blindness

Answer 21

occipital

Question 22

what lobe is affected if you experience: diff. reading and writing, diff. locating objects in environment

Answer 22

occipital

Question 23

alexia, agraphia, word blindness, and dyscalculia are associated with what lobe?

Answer 23

parietal

Question 24

Name and be able to label the parts of a neuron

Answer 24

dendrites, nucleus, cell body, myelin sheath, Node of Ranvier, Schwann cell, axon, axon terminal

Question 25

how do neurons communicate?

Answer 25

neurons communicate via axons and dendrites... | dendrites receive stimuli from other neurons, axons send stimuli to other neurons, glands, and muscles

Question 26

agnosia?

Answer 26

inability to imitate, copy, or recognize the significance of incoming sensory information in the absence of sensory deficit in the affected sensory modality

Question 27

anosagnosia?

Answer 27

denial of deficits

Question 28

What does the pyramidal system do?

Answer 28

directly activates and facilitates voluntary motor movement

Question 29

what are the two nerve fiber tracts within the pyramidal system?

Answer 29

corticobulbar and corticospinal

Question 30

corticobulbar tracts do what?

Answer 30

control voluntary speech movements

Question 31

corticospinal tracts do what?

Answer 31

communicates with the spinal nerves at various levels and innervate muscles of the trunk and limbs

Question 32

damage to the pyramidal system affects what?

Answer 32

motor activation so that voluntary movement, including speech, is impaired

Question 33

Damage to anterior branch of MCA causes what? Damage to posterior branch causes what? Damage to main truck causes what?

Answer 33

Anterior: Broca's; Posterior: Wernicke's; Main trunk: Global