Neuro quiz 3 (AND MIDTERM)

Question 1

Modifiable risk factors for stroke

Answer 1

HBP (hypertension)Atrial fibrillation (heart disease)DiabetesAtherosclerosisBlood cholesterol levelsHigh alcohol consumptionHead/Neck injuriesInfectionsCigarette smokingStroke belt in USA

Question 2

Non-modifiable risk factors for stroke

Answer 2

Age (every decade after 55, risk doubles)Gender (males more likely)Race/ethnicityFamily history/genetic tendencyPrevious CVA/TIA

Question 3

TIA

Answer 3

“mini stroke” or “brain attack”Temporary occlusion stopping blood flowNo permanent injury to brainCauses: blood clot in a brain artery or traveling clot, injury to blood vessels, narrowing of blood vessel in brainRisk factors: HBP, atrial fib, diabetes, family hx, high cholesterol, age (over 55), race

Question 4

Ischemic stroke

Answer 4

OcclusiveNarrowing arteries

Question 5

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 5

BleedLeaks out of a vessel and damages/kills brain tissue

Question 6

Etiology: Broca’s aphasia (connectionist model)

Answer 6

Occlusion of ANTERIOR branch of MCA (middle cerebral artery)

Question 7

Etiology: Wernickes aphasia (connectionist model)

Answer 7

Occlusion of POSTERIOR branch of MCA (middle cerebral artery)

Question 8

Etiology: Global aphasia (connectionist model)

Answer 8

Occlusion of main trunk of MCA (middle cerebral artery)Damage in central region of the language dominant hemisphere (left side)

Question 9

Nonfluent/telegraphicDistort consonantsMisarticulated wordsLabored repetitionFair to good comprehension

Answer 9

Broca’s

Question 10

FluentVerbal (semantic) prophasePoor word retrievalPoor comprehension

Answer 10

Wernicke’s

Question 11

NonfluentLiteral, verbal paraphasiaPoor word retrievalPoor repetitionPoor comprehension

Answer 11

Global

Question 12

nipaut (dubeid) for hat

Answer 12

neologism

Question 13

sweater for jacket

Answer 13

semantic paraphasia

Question 14

babana for banana

Answer 14

phonemic

Question 15

ima una dopido paluh noomi for …….?

Answer 15

jargon

Question 16

hand for foot

Answer 16

semantic

Question 17

yellow stick for pencil

Answer 17

literal interpretation

Question 18

“little bit, little bit” for almost everything

Answer 18

perseverative stereotypy

Question 19

fork for knife

Answer 19

semantic

Question 20

hot hog for hot dog

Answer 20

phonemic

Question 21

we went there, to buy you know, but then that one person, he went that way and it was too far so we had to you know,

Answer 21

circumlocution

Question 22

heather and heather, no, heather, and the dog, um, went around, then uh, and park

Answer 22

agrammatic/telegraphic

Question 23

i went there that one day but that was only there so he never came.

Answer 23

empty speech

Question 24

“duck” for truck

Answer 24

phonemic

Question 25

ask client to inhale different flavours/smells

Answer 25

CN I: olfactory

Question 26

ask client to ID colors; count how many fingers holding up; obtain reading sample

Answer 26

CN II: optic

Question 27

bring light from periphery to center of eye

Answer 27

CN III: occulomotor

Question 28

follow finger as moves down/toward nose

Answer 28

CN IV: trochlear

Question 29

check sensation in forehead, cheek, jaw

Answer 29

CN V: trigeminal

Question 30

ask client to look at each of your ears one at a time

Answer 30

CN VI: abducens

Question 31

assess face at rest then while performing movements (wrinkle forehead, close eyes tightly, pucker lips)

Answer 31

CN VII: facial

Question 32

rub fingers together near client's ears

Answer 32

CN VIII: acoustic

Question 33

assess sense of taste on back of tongue and ability to swallow

Answer 33

CN IX: glossopharyngeal and CN X: vagus

Question 34

ask client to raise shoulders against your hands; turn head against hand

Answer 34

CN XI: accessory

Question 35

ask client to stick out tongue

Answer 35

CN XII: hypoglossal

Question 36

What type of aphasia? Damage to upper temporal lobe, lower parietal lobe aka arcuate fasciculus-- the pathway connecting Wernicke's to Broca's area

Answer 36

Global

Question 37

What type of aphasia? Damage spares the central perisylvian region, but disconnects all or parts of the central region from the rest of the brain

Answer 37

Transcortical aphasia

Question 38

What type of aphasia? Only symptom is impaired word retrieval in speech and writing; unusual pauses, circumlocution and substitution of non specific words for missing specific words

Answer 38

Anomic aphasia

Question 39

What type of aphasia? Grossly impaired repetition with relatively preserved language comprehension (secondary to the spared primary auditory cortex & Wernicke's area

Answer 39

Conduction

Question 40

Name the 3 types of transcortical aphasia

Answer 40

Motor, Sensory, and Mixed

Question 41

What type of aphasia? AKA sensory aphasia in the posterior temporal lobe, storage of information and retrieval of grammatic and linguistic rules is affected

Answer 41

Wernicke's

Question 42

What type of aphasia? AKA expressive aphasia in the posterior inferior frontal lobe of left hemisphere, comprehending language and recalling linguistic information, planning and organizing speech movements is affected

Answer 42

Broca's

Question 43

T/F a patient with Broca's aphasia comprehend spoken and written language better than they speak or write

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

T/F self-monitoring is not preserved in Broca's aphasia

Answer 44

false; it is preserved in Broca's-- not in Wernicke's

Question 45

T/F destruction of primary auditory cortex in one hemisphere results in lasting deafness on the contralateral ear

Answer 45

false; it does not cause lasting deafness, only mild hearing loss on the contralateral ear