Basic Nutrition Concepts

Question 1

The sum of all the physical and chemical processes taking place in living organisms

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Processes that involve the degradation or decomposition of complex compounds to simpler materials

Answer 2

Catabolism

Question 3

Synthesis of simpler materials into complex compounds

Answer 3

Anabolism

Question 4

Most energy comes from _________ and _________

Answer 4

carbohydrates and fats

Question 5

Determines the amount of food that is actually absorbed by an animal and therefore the avilability of nutrients

Answer 5

Digestibility

Question 6

the total amount of energy theoretically available from food

Answer 6

Gross Energy

Question 7

The actual amount of energy available to the animal

Answer 7

Net Energy

Question 8

Six Major Nutrient Categories

Answer 8

Water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals

Question 9

Water loss occurs from….

Answer 9

Urinary, fecal, evaporation

Question 10

Water gain comes from…

Answer 10

Food, metabolic water, drinking

Question 11

Carbohydrates are converted into ____ for storage

Answer 11

Fats

Question 12

Cells are made of _______

Answer 12

Proteins

Question 13

Nutritional value of the protein depends on ________ and ______ _____

Answer 13

digestibility and amino acids

Question 14

In dogs, arachidonic acid can be synthesized from linoleic acid but ____ must get it in their diet.

Answer 14

cats

Question 15

Good source of energy and increases palatability. Produces roughly twice as much energy as carbohydrates.

Answer 15

Essential Fatty Acids

Question 16

Essential enzymes, enzyme precursors, and coenzyme in many body metabolic processes

Answer 16

Vitamins (functions)

Question 17

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 17

B & C

Question 18

Fat Soluble vitamins

Answer 18

A, D, E, K

Question 19

Vitamins not stored in the body and must be replenished each day

Answer 19

B, C

Question 20

Signs of vitamin A deficiencies

Answer 20

Night blindness, retarded growth, poor quality skin and hair

Question 21

Signs of vitamin D deficiencies

Answer 21

Ricketts, poor eruption of permanent teeth

Question 22

Signs of vitamin E deficiencies

Answer 22

Reproductive failure, brown bowel syndrome

Question 23

Signs of vitamin K deficiencies

Answer 23

Increased clotting time and hemorrhage

Question 24

Signs of vitamin C deficiencies

Answer 24

Slowed healing, increased susceptibility to disease

Question 25

Signs of vitamin B1 deficiencies (Thiamin)

Answer 25

Loss of appetite, loss of reflexes, loss of nerve control, weakness

Question 26

Signs of niacin deficiencies

Answer 26

Loss of appetite and weight, inflamed guns, hemorrhagic diarrhea

Question 27

Signs of vitamin B2 deficiencies (riboflavin)

Answer 27

Poor growth, eye abnormalities, heart failure

Question 28

Signs of vitamin B5 deficiencies ( pantothenic acid)

Answer 28

Hairloss, diarrhea, premature aging

Question 29

Signs of vitamin B6 deficiencies (pyridoxine)

Answer 29

Anemia, poor growth, skin lesions

Question 30

Signs of folic acid deficiencies

Answer 30

Hypoplasia of bone marrow, macrocytic anemia

Question 31

Signs of B12 deficiencies

Answer 31

Macrocytic anemia

Question 32

Signs of biotin deficiencies

Answer 32

Poor hair, dry skin, diarrhea

Question 33

What are the macrominerals?

Answer 33

Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Chloride

Question 34

Responsible for dumping amylase and lipase into the small intestine

Answer 34

Pancreas

Question 35

________ completes the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 35

Amylase

Question 36

______ _____ break up fat globules into smaller pieces and ______ breaks it down into fatty acids

Answer 36

Bile salts, lipase

Question 37

Creates bile which is stored in the gall bladder between meals

Answer 37

Liver

Question 38

Breaks down triglycerides

Answer 38

Liver

Question 39

3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 39

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 40

What is needed for a proper immune response?

Answer 40

Protein, zinc, copper and iron, vitamins A and E

Question 41

Diabetes associated with high levels of glucose in the blood

Answer 41

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 42

Studies with sheep, show that increasing ______ can decrease worm burden

Answer 42

Protein

Question 43

Metabolic diseases, caused by an imbalance in nutrients, may consist of what conditions?

Answer 43

Bloat, pregnancy toxemia, ketosis, milk fever (eclampsia)

Question 44

Consuming only one meal per day, having a fast rate of eating, and experiencing aerophagia while eating are all nutritional factors that influence a dogs risk for ____

Answer 44

GDV

Question 45

Syndrom/disease associated with insufficient pancreatic enzymes

Answer 45

GDV

Question 46

When is GDV more likely to occur?

Answer 46

After eating, as the stomach is dilated and more prone to twisting.

Question 47

Pregnancy toxemia occurs ____ parturition

Answer 47

before

Question 48

Ketosis occurs _____ parturition

Answer 48

After

Question 49

Amongst several other symptoms, this condition causes animals to breathe more rapidly and may cause breath and urine to have a fruity/sweet odor

Answer 49

Pregnancy toxemia/ketosis

Question 50

Post-parturient hypocalcemia that occurs when the demand for calcium for milk production exceeds the body's ability to mobilize calcium

Answer 50

Milk Fever

Question 51

In cattle with milk fever, temp tends to be ____

Answer 51

Sub-normal

Question 52

This type of diarrhea will often be indicated by fresh blood in the feces

Answer 52

Colitis, or large bowel diarrhea

Question 53

In this type of diarrhea the feces is usually black/tarry or just watery

Answer 53

Small bowel diarrhea

Question 54

What are two diets that can be offered to manage colitis?

Answer 54

Increasing the amount of fiber in the diet, using hypoallergenic diets

Question 55

What dietary changes can be made to manage IBD?

Answer 55

Hypoallergenic diet, low residue diet that is easily digested and absorbed, high fiber diets slow down fecal passage and increase eater reabsorption

Question 56

Toxic substance in chocolate

Answer 56

Theobromine

Question 57

Signs of theobromine toxicity usually occur within ______ of ingestion

Answer 57

5 hours

Question 58

Signs of theobromine toxicity

Answer 58

V/D, urinary incontinence, muscle tremors

Question 59

Most common urolith in dogs and cats

Answer 59

Struvite

Question 60

What is the primary therapy for urinary stone disease?

Answer 60

Reduce urine specific gravity (<1.020) and increase the frequency of urination (double)

Question 61

The ability of an animal to recuperate or recover growth after periods of underfeeding

Answer 61

Compensatory growth

Question 62

Reflected in the proportion of body fat and muscle on its carcass

Answer 62

Condition