Large Animal Nutrition

Question 1

Most cranial compartment of the forestomach “honeycomb” appearance

Answer 1

Reticulum

Question 2

Joined to the reticulum by a muscular tissue fold

Answer 2

Rumen

Question 3

Interior surface forms numerous papillae that vary in shape and size

Answer 3

Rumen

Question 4

4 Distinct areas of the rumen

Answer 4

Dorsal, ventral, caudodorsal and caudoventral sacs

Question 5

“book stomach” spherical organ filled with musclar laminae that lie in sheets

Answer 5

Omasum

Question 6

Connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel of tissue

Answer 6

Omasum

Question 7

The true stomach

Answer 7

Abomasum

Question 8

Very similar to histologically monogastrics stomach

Answer 8

Abomasum

Question 9

Turns cellulose into absorbable nutrients

Answer 9

The Rumen

Question 10

Conditions needed for fermentation to occur

Answer 10

Anaerobic

Question 11

Principle VFA’s

Answer 11

Acetic, proprionic, and butyric acids

Question 12

Cycle of rumen contractions

Answer 12

1-3 times per minute

Question 13

Where do primary contractions originate?

Answer 13

The reticulum and pass caudally around the rumen

Question 14

Where do secondary contractions occur?

Answer 14

only parts of the rumen and are usually associated with eructation

Question 15

Provide greater than 70% of ruminants energy

Answer 15

Volatile Fatty Acids

Question 16

Major source of acetyl-coA, utilized predominently in the liver

Answer 16

Acetic Acid

Question 17

Completely removed from portal blood by the liver. Serves as a major substance for gluconeogenesis

Answer 17

Proprionic Acid

Question 18

Converted to ketone beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Answer 18

Butyric Acid

Question 19

There are ___ essential amino acids and ___ nonessential amino acids

Answer 19

10, 12

Question 20

What are the three methods used to measure protein in animal feeds?

Answer 20

Protein Biologic Value, Protein Efficiency Ratio, Protein Quality

Question 21

Primary energy source for livestock

Answer 21

Carbohydrates

Question 22

______ are more readily available than fats or proteins

Answer 22

Carbohydrates

Question 23

Simple sugars, storage molecules (starch and fructans), Structural polysaccharides

Answer 23

Carbohydrates

Question 24

What do TDN’s not take into account?

Answer 24

Losses in urine, combustible gases, heat

Question 25

Reproductive status is very important to what?

Answer 25

Energy requirements

Question 26

When is colostrum required for newborn calves?

Answer 26

Within 72 hours of life

Question 27

What is colostrum for?

Answer 27

Energy and immunity

Question 28

At least half of colostrum needs to be given within __ to __ hours of birth

Answer 28

4-6

Question 29

Two of the most common feeding methods for swine

Answer 29

High grain rations in self feeders Limit-Fed (in breeding herds)

Question 30

In cases of bloat, distension of the stomach is seen on the ____ and then the ___ flank

Answer 30

Left, right

Question 31

What are some causes of bloat?

Answer 31

Change in pasture with heavy fertilizer, genetics, bacterial overgrowth, excessive concentrate consumption

Question 32

Enterotoxemia is also known as ?

Answer 32

Overeating disease

Question 33

What is often the first symptom of enterotoxemia?

Answer 33

Death

Question 34

Often occurs in fast growing animals, clostridium perfringens, excess consumption of high energy feed

Answer 34

Enterotoxemia

Question 35

To prevent enterotoxemia, vaccinate for clostridium perfringens tpy D for ____ and C/D for ____ \_\_\_\_

Answer 35

Lambs, breeding, ewes

Question 36

What should be done if an outbreak of enterotoxemia occurs in lambs?

Answer 36

21 day protection with antiserum

Question 37

Symptoms of Fescue Toxicosis

Answer 37

Lameness, necrosis at tail end, milk production, abortion

Question 38

Entophyte Fungus Acremonium Coenophialum is associated with what disease?

Answer 38

Fescue Toxicosis

Question 39

Fescue toxicosis is more prone to occure in ___ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 39

Fall and Winter

Question 40

Grass tetany (hypomagnesium) is most common in cows ____ years and older

Answer 40

4

Question 41

Grass tetany occurrence is usually during early ____ in heavy milking cows

Answer 41

lactation

Question 42

Pastures with low magnesium and calcium and high potassium can cause _____ \_\_\_\_

Answer 42

Grass Tetany

Question 43

The highest risk for this disease occurs during spring and early summer

Answer 43

Grass Tetany

Question 44

How can urine calculi be prevented?

Answer 44

Calcium and Phosphorus ratios should be kept at 1.5:1 and 7:1

Question 45

Who is at higher risk for Urine Calculi?

Answer 45

Males

Question 46

Excess silicate intake and urine calculi can cause ____ \_\_\_\_

Answer 46

Water belly

Question 47

What can cause White muscle disease?

Answer 47

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency

Question 48

Displaced abomasum can be prevented by avoiding what?

Answer 48

Alkalosis and Acidosis

Question 49

When does ketosis typically occur?