Basic Principles of Body Chemistry

Question 1

3 states of matter

Answer 1

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Question 2

Define Elements, and how many elements does our body contain?

Answer 2

The chemical building blocks that make up matter. Our bodies contain approximately 26 elements

Question 3

Define Atoms

Answer 3

The smallest quantity of an element that retains the unique qualities of that element. For example an atom of hydrogen is the smallest amount of hydrogen that can exist

Question 4

Define Nucleus

Answer 4

The center of the atom that contains its protons and neutrons

Question 5

Define Proton and what value it makes up

Answer 5

Positively charged particles which contribute to the mass of an atom. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 6

Define Electrons and what they are equal to

Answer 6

negatively charged particles that circle around the nucleus. The number of electrons is always equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom.

Question 7

Define Ions

Answer 7

atoms possessing an electrical charge due to a loss or gain of electrons. This loss or gain happens during chemical reactions in the body.

Question 8

Define Electrolytes and how they can be lost

Answer 8

Ions in the fluids of the body. The are essential to many processes in the body and can be lost through fluid loss.

Question 9

Name the four common Electrolytes in the body and their charges

Answer 9

Potassium K+, sodium Na+, calcium Ca^2+, chloride CI^-

Question 10

Define Matter and what it is composed of

Answer 10

Anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter is composed of chemical building blocks called elements.

Question 11

Define Cation

Answer 11

A charged atom that is formed when an atom loses an electron or electrons to another atom creating an overall positive charge

Question 12

Define Anion

Answer 12

A charged atom that is formed when an atom gains an electron or electrons from another atom creating an overall negative charge

Question 13

Define Molecules

Answer 13

A molecule is the combination of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 14

Define Compounds

Answer 14

Any substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined.

Question 15

What is the difference between Molecules and Compounds?

Answer 15

All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

Question 16

Why are bonds needed?

Answer 16

An atom need 8 electrons (think 8 is great) in order to have a stable outer electron shell. Atoms work together in order to create stable shells.

Question 17

Define Ionic bonding

Answer 17

Ongoing close association between ions of opposite charge. Think Share

Question 18

Define Covalent Bonding

Answer 18

Share electrons in a mutually stabilizing relationship. The atoms do not lose or gain electrons permanently. Instead, the electrons move back and forth between the elements. Move back and forth, looks like a Venn diagram

Question 19

What is Covalent bonding responsible for?

Answer 19

forming long carbon chains which become the back bone of the organic compounds

Question 20

Define Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 20

Form when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom from another molecule. Makes a bridge

Question 21

Define Acid

Answer 21

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

Question 22

Define Base

Answer 22

A substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution, or one that accepts H+ already present in solution

Question 23

Define pH

Answer 23

the term used to describe the degree of acidity or alkalinity determined by the relative amounts of H+ and OH- found in a solution