Basic Statistics with SPSS Flashcards
enables a researcher to generalized population from relatively small samples
Hypothesis Testing
an assumption or statement, which may or may not be true concerning one or more population.
Statistical Hypothesis
a no difference relationship hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
specifies an existence of difference
Alternative Hypothesis
to conclude that the null hypothesis is false
Rejection of Hypothesis
used when the critical region is located at only one extreme of distribution or range of values for the test statistics, the test is said to one-tailed.
One-Tailed Test
used when the critical region is located at on both sides of the distribution or range of values for the test statistic, the test is said to two-tailed.
Two-Tailed Test
the maximum value of the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it is true.
Significance Level of Test
What type of Error: When we reject the null hypothesis when it is true or ___ ___
Type 1
or false positive
What Type of Error: When we accept or fail to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.
Type 2
or false negative
A paired t-test is used when we are interested in the difference between two variables for the same subject.
T-test or Z-test
The paired sample t-test has four main assumptions:
- The dependent variable must be continuous (interval/ratio).
- The observations are independent of one another.
- The dependent variable should be approximately normally distributed.
- The dependent variable should not contain any outliers.
a method for dividing the variation observed into different parts, each part assignable to a cause, source, or factor
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Some Measures of Correlation
- Pearson R
- Guttman’s Lambda
- Goodman and Kruskal Walis-Rho
- Point Biserial
- Correlation Ration
Correlation between interval variables
Pearson R