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BB2 > BB2 Anatomy1 Part1 > Flashcards

BB2 Anatomy1 Part1 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 red lines pointing at? [3]

A

Cribiform plate
Crista galli
Perpinduclar plate

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2
Q

Projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is the []

A

Projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is the crista galli

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3
Q

Which numbered arrow indicates the crista galli?

16
17
18
None

A

Which numbered arrow indicates the crista galli?

16
17
18
None

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4
Q

Label A-E of the sphenoid

A

A: pterygoid processes
B: foramen rotundum
C: optic canal
D: superior orbital fissure
E: lesser wings

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5
Q

Label A-D

A

A: superior orbital fissue
B: greater wing
C: pterygoid canal
D: sphenoid sinuss

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6
Q

What is this bone? [1]

Label A-F

A

Temporal bone

A: Zygomatic process
B: External auditory meatus
C: mastoid process
D: squamous part
E: styloid process
F: petrous part

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7
Q

The [] are located underneath the opening to the auditory meatus. It acts as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments, such as the stylomandibular ligament of the TMJ.

A

The styloid processes are located underneath the opening to the auditory meatus. It acts as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments, such as the stylomandibular ligament of the TMJ.

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8
Q

Label the fontanelles [2]

What do each of them turn into later in life? [2]

A

1: Sphenoid fontanelle. Becomes the pterion

2: Mastoid fontanelle. Becomes the asteroin

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9
Q

Label 1 & 2 [2]

A

1: metopic suture

2: Anterior fontanelle

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Label this structure [1]

A

Bregma

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12
Q

Label this structure [1]

A

Asterion

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13
Q

Label this joint

A

Temporomandibular joint

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14
Q

Which suture connects the two parietal bones to the frontal bone?

Sagittal suture
Squamous suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture

A

Which suture connects the two parietal bones to the frontal bone?

Sagittal suture
Squamous suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture

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15
Q

How many bones contribute to the orbit?

6
7
8
9

A

How many bones contribute to the orbit?

6
7
8
9

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16
Q
A

Acceptable responses: Occipital, Occipital bone, Right occipital, Right occipital bone

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17
Q

The olfactory nerve passes through which foramen [1]

A

Cribiform plate

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18
Q

The glossopharnygeal nerve passes through which foramen? [1]

A

Jugular foramen

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19
Q

The facial nerve passes through which foramen? [1]

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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20
Q

The maxillary nerve passes through which foramen [1]

A

Foramen rotundum

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21
Q

The occulomotor nerve passes through which foramen? [1]

A

Superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

Following a head injury a patient presents with CSF leaking from their nose and a loss of smell.

Which skull bone have they most likely fractured?

A

Acceptable responses: Ethmoid, ethmoid bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, cribiform plate

The olfactory nerve passes through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone to enter the nasal cavity. The ethmoid bone is also part of the neurocranium and if it becomes fractured and tears the meninges then CSF can leak from the subarachnoid space into the nose.

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23
Q

The internal carotid artery enters the skull via the [] this is an oblique channel through the skull base.

It then emerges above foramen [].

A

The internal carotid artery enters the skull via the carotid canal, this is an oblique channel through the skull base.

It then emerges above foramen lacerum.

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24
Q

The middle meningeal artery is a small artery which enters the skull through foramen [] and travels inside the skull passing deep the [].

A

The middle meningeal artery is a small artery which enters the skull through foramen spinosum and travels inside the skull passing deep the pterion.

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25
The internal jugular vein drains venous blood from the inside of the skull. It leaves the skull via the []
The internal jugular vein drains venous blood from the inside of the skull. It leaves the skull via the **jugular foramen**.
26
the spinal cord terminates at the: cauda equina filum terminale conus medullaris foramen magnum 1st coccygeal vert
the spinal cord terminates at the: cauda equina filum terminale **conus medullaris** foramen magnum 1st coccygeal vert
27
which part of the spinal cord do the vertebral artierise travel in? [1]
which part of the spinal cord do the vertebral artierise travel in? [1] **transverse foramen**
28
Which structure is at risk of compression by a very posteriorly displaced dens? [1]
**spinal cord**
29
Which structure may be affected by cervical vertebral fractures? [1]
Which structure may be affected by cervical vertebral fractures? [1] **vertebral arteries**
30
which verebtral level do u go below to do lumbar puncture?
L2
31
Why might lumbar puncture be more challenging in a young child? [1]
Why might lumbar puncture be more challenging in a young child? [1] Acceptable responses: **spinal cord lower, the spinal cord ends lower down, the spinal cord travels further down the vertebral column**
32
Which meningeal space is targeted in lumbar puncture? [1]
Acceptable responses: s**ubarachnoid space, subarachnoid, csf space, csf**
33
34
which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass over the top of? ​ formen spinosum carotid canal jugular foramen foramen lacerum foreman magnum
which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass over the top of? ​ formen spinosum carotid canal jugular foramen **foramen lacerum** foreman magnum
35
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve leave the skull via which foramen? ​formen spinosum carotid canal jugular foramen foramen lacerum foreman magnum
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve leave the skull via which foramen? ​formen spinosum carotid canal **jugular foramen** foramen lacerum foreman magnum
36
spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen? ​formen spinosum carotid canal jugular foramen foramen lacerum foreman magnum
spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen? ​formen spinosum carotid canal **jugular foramen** foramen lacerum foreman magnum
37
You are examining a 79-year-old woman who presented last night with stroke-like symptoms. She has suspected lateral medullary syndrome. On examination, she has loss of taste in the posterior third of her tongue and an absent gag reflex. What structure does the likely affected cranial nerve pass through? Foramen ovale Foremane rotundum Hypoglossal canal Internal auditory meatus Jugular formane
You are examining a 79-year-old woman who presented last night with stroke-like symptoms. She has suspected lateral medullary syndrome. On examination, she has loss of taste in the posterior third of her tongue and an absent gag reflex. What structure does the likely affected cranial nerve pass through? Foramen ovale Foremane rotundum Hypoglossal canal Internal auditory meatus **​Jugular forman:** CNIX passses through here
38
From which of these foraminae does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull? Foramen ovale Foramen rotundum Foramen spinosum Superior orbital fissure Foreman magnum
From which of these foraminae does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull? Foramen ovale Foramen rotundum Foramen spinosum **Superior orbital fissure** Foreman magnum
39
which foramen is this? foramen ovale foramen spinosum Internal acoustic meatus Foramen lacerum ​Carotid canal
which foramen is this? foramen ovale foramen spinosum **Internal acoustic meatus** Foramen lacerum ​Carotid canal
40
Which one of the following pairings of foramina and their contents is not correct? Superior orbital fissue and oculomotor nerve Foramina rotundum and maxillary nerve Jugular foramen and hypoglossal nerve Foramine spinosum and middle meningeal artery Carotid canal and internal carotid artery
Which one of the following pairings of foramina and their contents is not correct? Superior orbital fissue and oculomotor nerve Foramina rotundum and maxillary nerve **Jugular foramen and hypoglossal nerve: The hypoglossal nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal.** Foramine spinosum and middle meningeal artery Carotid canal and internal carotid artery
41
Despina is experiencing a horse voice, which cranial nerve is likely affected? Trigeminal Vagus Facial Hypoglossal
Despina is experiencing a horse voice, which cranial nerve is likely affected? Trigeminal **Vagus** Facial Hypoglossal The Vagus nerve gives rise to the recurrent laryngeal nerve which innervates the muscles of the larynx (voicebox).
42
Despina is experiencing vertigo, which cranial nerve is likely affected? Trigeminal Vestibulocochlear Facial Hypoglossal
Despina is experiencing vertigo, which cranial nerve is likely affected? Trigeminal **Vestibulocochlear** Facial Hypoglossal
43
Which part of the brainstem is this? Midbrain Medulla (Superior) Medulla (Inferior) Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this? Midbrain Medulla (Superior) Medulla (Inferior) **Pons** Anteriorly the pons bulges forwards,
44
Which part of the brainstem is this? Midbrain Medulla (Open / Superior) Medulla (Closed / Inferior) Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this? Midbrain **Medulla (Open / Superior)** Medulla (Closed / Inferior) Pons
45
Which part of the brainstem is this? Midbrain Medulla (Open / Superior) Medulla (Closed / Inferior) Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this? **Midbrain** This can be identified by the large cerebral peduncles anteriorly Medulla (Open / Superior) Medulla (Closed / Inferior) Pons
46
Which part of the brainstem is this? Midbrain Medulla (Open / Superior) Medulla (Closed / Inferior) Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this? Midbrain Medulla (Open / Superior) **Medulla (Closed / Inferior)** Pons
47
Which part of the brainstem is this? [1] Label A & B [2]
Pons A: 4th ventricle B: Pons
48
Based on this distribution which spinal tract/s are involved? DCML Spinothalamic Corticospinal
Based on this distribution which spinal tract/s are involved? DCML **Spinothalamic** Corticospinal
49
The [] is the innermost layer of the eye
The **retina** is the innermost layer of the eye
50
Which structures does the retina contain? [2]
Rod cones Photosensitive ganglion cells
51
The optic disc is where which two structures join together? [2]
The optic disc is where the **optic nerve** joins the **retina**
52
The [] is the location of maximal photoreceptor density
The **macula** is the location of maximal photoreceptor density
53
Label A-C
A: Fovea B: Macula C: Optic disc
54
# Optic radiation The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the [], in the [] nucleus.
The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the **thalamus**, in the **lateral geniculate nucleus** of the thalamus.
55
The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. Axons of the thalamic neurons project through the [] to form the optic radiations, which project to the [] in the [] lobe, where conscious perception of visual images occurs
The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. Axons of the thalamic neurons project through the **internal** **capsule** to form the optic radiations, which project to the **primary visual cortex** in the **occipital lobe**, where conscious perception of visual images occurs
56
Nerve fibres in the optic tracts send branches to which locations? [4]
**primary visual cortex** **midbrain** **superior colliculus** (visual reflex centre controlling the extrinsic eye muscles) **pretectal nuclei in the midbrain** (mediate papillary light reflexes)
57
Name this optic pathway defect [1]
Left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
58
Name this optic pathway defect [1]
Left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
59
Name this optic pathway defect [1]
Left temporal hemianopia
60
State the optic pathway lesions that would be seen in each place
60
State the optic pathway lesions that would be seen in each place
61
There are 6 extra-ocular muscles controlling eye movement. Name them and the movements they control
Lateral rectus: **look laterally** Medial rectus: **look medially** Superior rectus: **look upward and medially** Inferior rectus: **look downward and medially** Superior oblique: **look downward and laterally** Inferior oblique: **look upward and laterally**
62
Label A-E
A: trochlea B: superior oblique C: medial rectus D: superior rectus E: lateral rectus
63
Relaxation of which muscle closes the eyelid? [1]
Closing of the lids requires relaxation of the **levator palpebral muscle** (CN III)
64
State the movements the following muscles do: Superior oblique: [3] Inferior oblique: [3]
Superior oblique: **Depression, abduction and intorsion** Inferior oblique: **Elevation, abduction and extorsion**
65
State the movement the following muslces do: Superior rectus: [3] Inferior rectus: [3]
Superior rectus: **elevation, adduction and intorsion** Inferior rectus: **depression, adduction and extorsion**
66
When the eye is **ABDUCTED** the [] and [] muscles act to elevate and depress the globe respectively. When the eye is **ADDUCTED** the [] and [] muscles depress and elevate the globe respectively.
When the eye is **ABDUCTED** the **superior and inferior recti** act to elevate and depress the globe respectively. When the eye is **ADDUCTED** the **superior and inferior oblique** depress and elevate the globe respectively.
67
Superior rectus
68
Superior rectus

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