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BB2 > Limbic system > Flashcards

Limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the cingulate gyrus in the brain? [1]

Which structure does it lie directly above? [1]

A

Lies above the corpus callosum

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2
Q

Label A-C

A

A: Dentate gyrus
B: Parahippocampal gyrus
C: Uncus of parahippocampal gyrus

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3
Q

The cingulate gyrus and parrahippocampal gyrus are continuous via a bundle of white matter called the []

A

The cingulate gyrus and parrahippocampal gyrus are continuous via a bundle of white matter called the cingulum

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4
Q

Label A-E

A

A: cingulate gyrus
B: corpus callosum
C: fornix
D: parahippocampal gyrus
E: subcallosal area

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5
Q

Label A-F

A

A: Fornix
B: Cingulate cortex
C: Thalamus
D: Mamilllary body
E: Hippocampus
F: Amygdala

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6
Q

Label A-C

A

A: Anterior commissure
B: Amygdala
C: Hippocampal

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7
Q

Label 14-17

A

14 Pulvinar of thalamus
15 Mamillary body
16 Optic tract
17 Anterior commissure

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8
Q

Label 18-22

A

18 Fornix
19 Longitudinal stria
20 Dentate gyrus
21 Hippocampal fimbria
22 Pes hippocampi

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9
Q

Which of the following is the amygdala

A
B
C
D
E

A

Which of the following is the amygdala

A
B
C
D
E

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10
Q

For guiding and motivating behaviour the limbic system is involved in which two processes? [2]

A

Rewarding animals

Punishing animals

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11
Q

What are primary reinforcers?

A

Gene specified goals for action (for rewarding or punishment)

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12
Q

What is the role of the insula? [1]

A

Recieves data from cortex and amygdala. Has to make exec decision on whether the experience was worth remembering.

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13
Q

What is this structure? [1]

A

Nucleus accumbens

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14
Q

What is the name for the circuit that causes ‘feeling’ of emotion’? [1]

A

Papez circuit

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15
Q

State the main function of the:

Hippocampus [1]
Parahippocampal gyrus [1]
Amygdala: [1]
Septal nucleus [1]
Cingulate cortex [1]

A

Hippocampus = Memory acquisition and recall, formation of long-term memory. Formation of memory not storage

Parahippocampal gyrus: storage and conversion of new experiences into memories

Amygdala = Emotional content of stimuli: fear, anxiety and danger

Septal nucleus = Pleasure and reward

Cingulate cortex = Affective significance

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16
Q

What is the difference in role between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex? [1]

A

Anterior cingulate cortex:
* monitors quality of pain continously; activates strategies to remove pain
* Evaluates the degree of pain / ppleasure experienced

Posterior cingulate cortex:
* Recalling emotional memories - NOT involved in non-emotional memories

17
Q

How is the limbic system split up? [2]

A

An emotional limbic system
A memory limbic system

18
Q

Describe the route of Papez’s circuit

A

Cingulate cortex –> parahippocampal cortex –> hippocampus –> fornix –> mamillary bodies –> hypothalamus -> anterior thalamus –> cingulate cortex.

19
Q

State the adaptive value of fear [1]

A

Allows us to make quick decisions

20
Q

Name the extremely fast response to an unexpected loud noise in babeies? [1]

A

Acoustic startle reflex / Moro reflex

21
Q

Which part of the limbic region can modulate the startle reflex?

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Parahippocampal gyrus
Posterior cingulate gyrus
Anterior cingulate gyrus

A

Which part of the limbic region can modulate the startle reflex?

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Parahippocampal gyrus
Posterior cingulate gyrus
Anterior cingulate gyrus

22
Q

Describe the pathway in which amygdala controls the startle reflex [4]

A

Sensory information feeds into the basolateral amygdala

Feeds into the central amygdala

Central amygdala sends output to the central gray area of the midbrain

Information is relayed to the nucleus in the pons responsible for the startle reflex

23
Q

Describe why the startle-reflex is highly adaptive [1]

A

Before emotional memories reach consciousness, it causes autonomic changes (increased heart rate and blood pressure) to allow a quick response

(The memories influence subsequent actions through the projections to the frontal cortex)

24
Q

State how the acoustic startle reflex can be modulated [2]

A

Current mood or situation when the acoustic startle reflex happens modifies the reaction

Being fearful of a stimulus after reflex increases magnitude of reflex

25
Q

What is 8?

Corpus Callosum
Hippocampus
Subthalamic nuclei
Nucleus accumbens
Putamen

A

What is 8?

Corpus Callosum
Hippocampus
Subthalamic nuclei
Nucleus accumbens
Putamen

26
Q

What is 8?

Anterior commissure
Fornix
Lateral ventricle
Putamen
Nucleus accumbens

A

What is 8?

Anterior commissure
Fornix
Lateral ventricle
Putamen
Nucleus accumbens

27
Q

What is 5?

Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus

A

What is 5?

Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus

28
Q

What is 13?

Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus

A

What is 5?

Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus

29
Q

What is 3?

Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus

A

What is 3?

Hypothalamus (mamilliary body)
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus

30
Q

What is 10?

Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus

A

What is 10?

Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus

31
Q

Label A-D

A

A:Cingulate cortex nuclei

B: Anterior thalamic

C:Mammillary bodies

D: hippocampus

32
Q

A firefighter, with a history of traumatic brain injury after falling from a ladder, presents to the clinic for follow-up. He complains of anterograde amnesia ever since the accident. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals damage to the hypothalamic structure involved in memory. What thalamic nucleus receives input from the affected structure?
A. Midline nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Anterior nucleus
D. Lateral dorsal nucleus

A

A firefighter, with a history of traumatic brain injury after falling from a ladder, presents to the clinic for follow-up. He complains of anterograde amnesia ever since the accident. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals damage to the hypothalamic structure involved in memory. What thalamic nucleus receives input from the affected structure?
A. Midline nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C.** Anterior nucleus**
D. Lateral dorsal nucleus

BB2 (65 decks)

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