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BELIEVE IN YOURSELF Flashcards

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1
Q

Meniscus - vascular vs. not

A

Inner third of medial is AVASCULAR

Outer third of medial is vascular

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2
Q

Apleys

A

Differentiates meniscal and ligament
Pt prone with knee flexed to 90; stabilize their thigh then passively distract the knww and slowly IR and ER tibia
Apply compressive load to knee joint and rotate tibia again
Pain or dec motion with the added compression = meniscal!
Pain or inc motion with distraction = ligament!

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3
Q

Hughston;s plica

A

Pt supine with flexed knee and IR tibia, passive glide patella medially while palpatng medial femoral condyle, feel for popping as passively extend and flex the knww

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4
Q

Patellar apprehension

A

Hx of dislocation

Pt supine with patella passively glided laterally

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5
Q

Clarke’s sign

A

Patellofemoral dysfunction

Pt supine with knee ext, push post on superior pole of patella, then ask pt to perform quad contraction

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6
Q

Q angle measurement - how and norms

A

Normal is 13 for men, 18 for women
ASIS, mid patella, tibial tubercle
Angle btw quads and patellar tendon

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7
Q

Noble compression

A

IT band friction syndrome
Pt supine with hip flexed 45 and knee flexed 90, apply pressure to lateral femoral epicondyle and then extend the knee
Pt will complain of pain over lateral epicondyle at about 30 deg flex

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8
Q

Wilson’s test is for

A

Osteochondritis dissecans
Pt sit on EOT, actively extend knee with IR of tibia
Pos if pain present at 30 deg with IR but no pain at 30 deg with ER

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9
Q

Max varum at what age

A

6 to 12 months

Straight by 18-24 months

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10
Q

Max valgus at what age

A

3 to 4 yrs

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11
Q

Valgum corrects by what age

A

7

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12
Q

Norms for valgus angle

A

8 for F

7 for M

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13
Q

ACL - graft

A

Most common are semitendinosus and gracilis

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14
Q

Osteonecrosis of femoral condyles - most common =

A

Medial! Due to inc weight bearing forces caused by COG being medial to knee
More common in F - esp over 60

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15
Q

Lachman is performed with what

A

20-30 deg of knee flexion

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16
Q

Normal angle of anteversion

A

8 to 15 degrees
Less than 8 is retro
More than 15 is anteverted
Test = Craigs

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17
Q

Pavlik harness maintains in

A

Hip flex, abd to keep head in acetabulum

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18
Q

THA - posterolateral approach

A

Keeps hip abd intact!!! Hip instability after is due to post capsule damage
NO hip flex past 90, add, IR

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19
Q

THA - posterolateral approach - most damage to what mm

A

Glut max!

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20
Q

THA - anterolateral approach - which mm get impact

A

Hip abd

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21
Q

Wounds - serous

A

Clear

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22
Q

Wounds - serosanguinous

A

Pink

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23
Q

Wounds - Sanguineous

A

Red

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24
Q

Wounds - purulent

A

Yellow

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25
Wounds - primary intention
Surgically closed
26
Wounds - secondary intention
Let the body heal it
27
Wounds - Tertiary
Secondary intention first, and then primary to get it closed
28
Wound healing stages
Inflammation Proliferation/Fibroblastic Maturation/Remodeling
29
Arterial insufficiency wound
Lateral malleoli, dorsum of foot, toes Dec hair, dry skin, cool temp Painful wound/legs Dec pulses, pallor on elevation, rubor with dep
30
Venous insufficiency wound
More common Swelling releived with elevation in early stages Itch, fatigue, ache, heavy Hemosiderin staining, lipodermatosclerosis Inc skin temp Medial malleolus Usually wet with exudate
31
Layers of the epidermis
Corneum Granulosum Spinosum Basale
32
Layers of skn
Epidermis Papillary dermis Reticular dermis SubQ
33
Epidermal burn = think
SUNBURN! No blisters!
34
Superficial partial thickness burn
Through epidermis and into papillary dermis BLISTERS!!! PAINFUL! Heals wo surgery
35
Deep partial thickness burn
Through epidermis, papillary, and into reticular
36
Full thickness burn
Through all epidermis and all dermis | INSENSATE!
37
Zone of coagulation
Cells are irreversibly damaged, skin death occurs
38
Zone of stasis
injured cells that might die within 24 -48 hrs wo intervention
39
zone of hyperemia
Minimal cell damage and tissue should recover without lasting effects
40
Lymphatic system is normally responsible for collecting what percent of interstitial fluid?
10-20% | Venous system collects other 80-90%
41
Lymphedema - long vs. short stretch
SHORT STRETCH more for edema and lymphedema Low resting and high working Long stretch - high resting pressure
42
Bunnel Littler
Identifies tightness in structures surrounding MCP joints MCP stabilized in slight ext while PIP is flexed Then MCP and PIP are flexed If flex limited in both cases = capsule is tight If more PIP flex with MCP flex = intrinsics are tight
43
Tght retinacular
``` Tightness around PIP joint PIP stabilized while DIP is flexed Then PIP and DIP are flexed If flex limited in both = capsule tight If more DIP flex with PIP flex, tight ligaments ```
44
Dequervains involves
EPB | APL
45
Snuff box
EPL close to index | EPB, APL on outside
46
RA involves
MCP and PIP | Bouchards = PIP
47
OA
HerberDens (DIP)
48
Wrist drop
Radial nerve injury (ext not working)
49
Claw hand
Median and ulnar n injury (lose all intrinsics) | AKA intrinsic minus hand
50
Ape hand
Median nerve injury | adductor is innervated by ulnar
51
Bishop deformity
Ulnar claw Ulnar nerve injury When try to open, median works - not ulnar
52
Hand of benediction
When close hand, ulnar works but median does not | Lose first 2 lumbricals and FDP
53
Wartenburg
Add 5th
54
Fromet's sign
ADP
55
Watsons
Scaphoid shift (ext and ulnar dev to flex and rad dev)
56
Bennetts fx
metacarpal
57
Thumb - flexion and extension happen on what plane
FRONTAL plane! | Trapezium is convex; Metacarpal is concave
58
Thumb - abduction and adduction happen on what plane
SAGITTAL plane! | Trapezium is concave; metacarpal is convex
59
Thumb - to increase abduction glide in what direction
POST! | Convex metacarpal on concave trapezium = OPP
60
Power grip requires what
use of radial and ulnar sides | Grasping a cup
61
Precision grasp requires what
Use of radial side with thumb to hold onto smaller objects - holding a pencil
62
Transverse ligament test
Glide C1 ant (pt supine)
63
Anterior shear test
Glide C2-C7 anterior (pt supine)
64
Alar ligament
Pt seated, passively slightly flex the upper c spine and apply pincer grip to C2 SP - palpate mvmnt at C2 during passive upper cervical SB and rotation Pos is inability to palpate C2 moving in conjunction with C1
65
Modified sharp purser
Transverse ligament Pt seated, passively flex upper c spine and apply pincer grip to C2, apply post translation and ext force through forehead while assessing for excessive linear translation or reproduction of myelopathic symptoms
66
SLR = AKA
Lasegue's test
67
Quadrant test - Intervertebral foramen closing vs. facet closing
Intervertebral foramen closing = SB L, Rot L, Ext | Facet closing = SB L, Rot R, Ext
68
Stork standing test
Identifies spondylolisthesis Pt stands on one leg, cue pt into ext and repeat with other leg Pos if LBP with ipsilateral leg on ground
69
Bicycle (Van Gelderen's test)
Differentiates between spinal stenosis and intermittent claudication Pt on bike, first sit erect and time how long After rest, ride at same speed in slumped position If can ride longer with slumped = stenosis!
70
Gillet's
Assess post mvmnt of ilium relative to sacrum Pt standing, place thumb under PSIS of limb to be tested and place other on sacrum - ask pt to flex knee and hip, PSIS should move inf
71
Ipsilateral ant rotation test
Assess ant mvmnt of ilium relative to sacrum, place thumb under PSIS and other thumb on center of sacrum, ask pt to extend hip and limb to be tested - Should move sup
72
Gaenslen's
Pt sidelying with bottom leg in max hip and knee flexion, standing behind the pt, passively extend the upper hip
73
Goldthwait's test
Differentiate SIJ from lumbar - passive SLR and PT fingers between SP of lumbar spine
74
Ligaments sprain order - ankle
Anterior talofibular - Calcaneofibular - Posterior talofibular
75
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction = pt tends to have what kind of foot
Flat foot with ankle rolled inward | Forefoot ABDuction and hindfoot VALGUS
76
Rocker bottom - used for
hallux rigidus - can help so pt does not have to have as much toe extension with gait
77
TMJ - elevation mm
Medial pterygoid Masseter Temporalis
78
TMJ - Protrusion mm
Lateral pterygoids Medial pterygoids Masseter
79
TMJ - Retrusion
Temporalis | Digastric
80
TMJ - Lateral deviation
Ipsilateral masseter, temporalis | Contralateral med and lat pterygoids
81
Amputations - foot - order!
``` TLCS Transmetatarsals Lisfranc Chopart Symes ```
82
Lisfranc amputations - occurs where
at midfoot - which includes cuboid, navicular, three cuneiforms
83
Transtibial amputation - what areas are not pressure tolerant that you have to be aware of
Distal ant tibia
84
Transtibial amputation - what areas are pressure tolerant
Patellar tendon Fibular shaft Calf
85
Ulnohumeral loose packed
70 flex | 10 sup
86
Proximal radioulnar loose packed
70 flex | 35 supination
87
Radiohumeral loose packed
full ext and full supination
88
Addisons
Adrenal insufficiency | Hypofunction of adrenal glands
89
Cushings
Hyperfunction of adrenal glands | Increased cortisol
90
Graves
Hyperthyroidism
91
Hashimotos
Hypothyroidism

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