YOU CAN DO THIS! Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Common major complication from MI
A
Arrhythmias!
2
Q
MI - exercise testing can be performed when
A
3 days after an MI
3
Q
CHF
A
Left sided! associated with signs of pulmonary edema
Right sided - associated with systemic venous congestion
4
Q
Right ventricle to
A
LUNGS
5
Q
Left ventricle to
A
BODY
6
Q
Hypertension - Normal
A
Below 120/80
7
Q
Hypertension - Elevated
A
Systolic btw 120-130
AND Diastolic less than 80
8
Q
Hypertension - Stage 1
A
Systolic btw 130-139 OR
Diastolic btw 80-89
9
Q
Hypertension - Stage 2
A
Systolic at least 140 OR
Diastolic at least 90
10
Q
Hypertension - Hypertensive crisis
A
Systolic over 180 AND/OR
Diastolic over 120
11
Q
Tuberculosis spread by
A
aersolized droplets!
Incubation 2 to 10 wks
Primary disease 10 days to 2 wks
12
Q
TB precautions
A
Mask and follow universal precautions
Pt must wear mask if leave room
13
Q
Right coronary artery supplies
A
Right atrium
Most of right ventricle
AV node
SA node in 60%
14
Q
RA = which valve to RV
A
TRIcuspid
15
Q
Deoxygenated blood
A
Pulmonary artery
16
Q
L coronary artery divides into
A
L anterior descending
Circumflex
17
Q
Left anterior descending supplies
A
Anterior surface of LV and portions of IV septum
18
Q
Circumflex supplies
A
Lateral and inferior surfaces of LV and portions of LA
40% SA node
19
Q
AV valves (Tri and Bi) prevent backflow into atria during
A
ventricular cx SYSTOLE
20
Q
Semilunar valves (Pulm and Aortic) prevent backflow from aorta and pulmonary artery into ventricles during
A
DIASTOLE
21
Q
Inherent AV node rate
A
40-60 bpm
22
Q
Cardiac Output is what and what is norm
A
Amount of blood that leaves the ventricles per minute
4-6 L/min
23
Q
Stroke Volume is what
What is norm
A
the volume of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction
Normal is 55-100 mL/beat
24
Q
Stroke volume is influenced by
A
Preload! The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
Contractility!
Afterload!
25
Preload
The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastle
26
Afterload
The force the LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure and open the aortic valve
27
SV and Preload
SV will increase with an increase in preload
28
Contractility and afterload
Contractilty will decrease with an increase in afterload
29
EF
55-75%
30
Mean arterial pressure is what
| Normal is what
Sum of SBP and 2xDBP, divided by 3
| Normal is 70-110 mmHg
31
Heart sounds - S3 is associated with
CHF
32
Heart sounds - S4 is associated with
hypertension or MI
33
Central venous pressure measures what
Measures right atrial filling
34
Pulse pressure is measured how
Sys - dias
35
BP is what equation
CO * total peripheral resistance
36
Hyperkalemia - EKG
```
Peaked T waves
Wide PR interval
Wide QRS
Dec rate and force of cx
Can lead to cardiac arrest!!!
```
37
Hypokalemia - EKG
```
Produces flat T wave and ST depression
B LE cramps
Prolonged QT
Prolonged PR
Arrhythmias may progress to vfib
```
38
Hypercalcemia - EKG
Shortened QT
| Increased heart actions
39
Hypocalcemia - EKG
Prolonged QT
40
First degree heart block
Really long PR interval; all else normal
41
Second degree heart block type 1
Long PR interval, drops every 4th QRS
| Mobitz 1; Wekenbach
42
Second degree heart block type 2
Long PR interval, drops every 2nd, 3rd, or 4th QRS
43
Third degree AV block
Separate atria and ventricular firing
44
Mean venous pressure throughout venous system
2mm Hg
45
BP cuff too small - BP will be
High
46
Cardiac rehab - change what first
Duration first; then intensity
47
Tidal volume is what number norm
500 mL/breath
48
Forced expiratory volume - norm in healthy
70% or more
49
COPD GOLD Stages - stage 1
Mild
FEV1/FVC - less than 70%
FEV1 is greater than or equal to 80% predicted
With or wo symp of cough and sputum production
50
COPD GOLD Stages - stage 2
```
Moderate
FEV1/FVC less than 70%
FEV1 is between 50 and 80%
SOB with exertion
With or wo symp of cough and sputum production
```
51
COPD GOLD Stages - Stage 3
```
Severe
FEV1/FVC less than 70%
FEV1 btw 30 and 50%
Greater SOB w exercise
Dec exercise capacity
Fatigue and repeated exacerbations of their disease
```
52
COPD GOLD Stages - Stage 4
Very Severe
FEV1/FVC is less than 70%
FEV1 is less than 30% OR less than 50% with chronic resp failure
53
Prognostic indicator for mortality risk with COPD
BODE
| BMI, Pulm obstruction, Dyspnea, Exercise capacity
54
Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal recessive
| If both are carriers, 25% chance to be affected
55
Bruce protocol
Treadmill
Start 1/7, 10% treadmill grade
Inc both speed and grade every 3 min
56
Target heart rate range what percentage of heart rate reserve
40 and 85% of the heart rate reserve
HRR = HR max - HR rest
57
Rating of perceived SOB
```
0 = nothing
3 = moderate (60% VO2 max)
4 = somewhat severe (72% VO2 max)
5 = severe (80% VO2 max)
10 = maximal
```
58
Termination of exercise graded test
```
Max SOB
Fall in PaO2 greater than 20 or PaO2 less than 55
Rise in PaCO2 greater than 10
PaCO2 greater than 65
Cardiac ischemia; arrhythmia
Sx of fatigue
Diastolic inc 20
Systolic higher than 250?
Dec in BP
Leg pain
Total fatigue
Signs of insufficient CO
Reach vent max
```
59
Resting claudication and exercise
CONTRAINDICATION
60
Oxygen nasal cannula - %
Usually mixed with room air which is 21% oxygen, per liter is raised about 4%
1L = 25%
2L = 29% and so on
Usually to 6L
61
End of terminal stance - what degrees at joints
10-20 hip ext
Knee and ankle neutral
MTP 30 ext
62
Normal toe out
7 degrees
63
Benzodiazapines - ex and side effects
Xanax, Valium (used for sedation, seizures)
| Can lead to increased fall risk
64
Most common CV side effect of corticosteroids
Increased BP
65
Cholinergic drugs act like
PARAsympathetic
66
Symoathomimetics - ex
DA, Epinephrine, Atropine
DA and Epi inc CO
Atropine inc HR
67
Sympatholytics include
beta blockers AKA beta adrenergic antagonists
68
Catecholamine =
sympathetic (Epi)
69
Nitrates act as
VDs, dec preload and afterload
70
Digoxin does what
lengthens PR interval by inc conduction time through AV node
71
ADH - side effects
Can promote inc in BP
72
Phenobarbital =
Barbituate; prevent seizures
73
Methotrexate =
DMARD
74
TENS motor vs. sensory protocol
Sensory pulse duration low (40), Freq 80-150
| Motor mm spasm = pulse duration 300-500 and freq 80-120
75
Hot pack requires how many towels
6 to 8
76
US can be administered to an aea
2-3 x the size of the effective radiating area of the transducer face in a 5 min periof
About twice the size of the transducer head
77
US - nonthermal effects = what duty cycle
20% or lower
78
US - Beam nonuniformity ratio (BNR) =
Ratio btw spatial peak intensity and special avg intensity
The higher the quality of the crystal, the lower the BNR
A high BNR produces a less uniform beam and therefore places the pt at greater risk for periosteal pain or hot spots
79
US - treating a 12 cm area - you would want what size soundhead
5cm (most are 5cm or 10cm)
80
Contraindication to intermittent compression
Acute pulmonary edema
81
Temp from high to low
Rectal
Tympanic
Oral
Axillary
82
Initial for biofeedback
Low detection sens
| Electrodes placed close together
83
Initial for EMG protocol
High detection sens
| Electrodes close together
84
Gold standard for body comp
Hydrostatic weighting
85
Shoulder - IR
End feel
Capsule
Firm end feel with tight post capsule
86
Shoulder - what test to stress post capsule
Flex to 90, full IR
Jerk test is like this but add axial load through elbow in post direction
Can also add adduction to durther stress post capsule
87
Shoulder - ER - which capsule
anterior
88
Reverse hill sachs lesion
Fx to ant medial humeral head (usually from post dislocation)
89
Hill Sachs lesion
Fx to post superior humeral head (from ant dislocation)
90
Appendicitis - which quadrant and diagnosis
Right lower quadrant
McBurneys point = 1.5-2 in above ASIS
Rebound tenderness = Blumberg's sign
91
Diverticulitis = which quadrant
Left lower quadrant
92
Referral pattern - esophageal CA
Pain radiating to back
Pain with swallowing
Dysphagia
Weight loss
93
Referral pattern - esophagus
Midback (midthoracic spinal nerve root pain can present as esophageal pain)
94
Referral pattern - Pacreatic CA
Deep, gnawing pain that might radiate from chest to back
95
Referral pattern - Acute pancreatitis
Mid epigastric pain radiating through to the back
96
Referral pattern - Cholecystitis
GALLBLADDER
Abrupt, sever abdominal pain and RUQ tenderness
n/v
Fever
97
Referral pattern - heart and lung
Chest, back, neck, jaw, UE
98
Referral pattern - Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Nonspecific lumbar pain
99
Referral pattern - Kidney, bladder, ovary, uterus =
Trunk, pelvis, thighs
100
Referral pattern - liver, diaphragm, or pericardium
Shoulder
101
Gallbladder, stomach, pancreas or small intestine can refer to the
midback and scapular region
102
Colon, appendix, or pelvic viscera can refer to the
pelvis, low back, or sacrum
