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POSITIVE VIBES Flashcards

1
Q

Peak incidence of scoliosis

A

11-13 in F

13-14 in M

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2
Q

Prostaglandins - stomach

A

Prostaglandins helps protect the lining of the stomach by inhibiting gastric acid secretion and increasing the production of mucous in the stomach lining

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3
Q

NSAIDs and prostaglandins

A

NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins which results in stomach becoming more susceptible to damage from the gastric acids

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4
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Occurs primarily btw ages 20 and 40
W more than M
Primary characteristics = Tiny clumps of abnormal tissue (granulomas) that form on certain organs or over certain regions of the body
Most commonly the lungs, skin, bones, mm, and nervous system

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5
Q

Systemic sclerosis

A

Scleroderma = autoimmune disorder affecting CT that results in fibrosis of skin, BVs, joints, and internal organs
Primary characteristic of initial stages is bilateral non pitting edema that is eventually replaced by thick, hard skin

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6
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Progressive and obstructive lung disease secondary to a chronic bacterial infection
Irreversible destruction and dilation of the airways
Primary characteristic = persistent cough, large amounts of purulent sputum

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7
Q

PKU - if untreated can lead to

A

Intellectual disability
Tremors
MM coordination deficits
Seizures

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8
Q

Weak PF - what is possible gait deviation from foot flat to midstance

A

Foot flat to midstance = PF cx eccentrically to control DF moment and ant translation of tibia
Weakness in PF = excessive DF

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9
Q

Normal Q angle

A

13 in M

18 in F

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10
Q

Normal anteversion

A

8-15 degrees
More = anteversion
Less = retroversion

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11
Q

End stage renal disease - pt will develop s/s associated with

A

Impaired fluid and waste excretion - systemic and pulmonary edema
Urine output is decreased
Kidney plays role in development of erythropoietin so will often see anemia too

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12
Q

Assoc of CP rehab classifies an EF of 45% as what risk for increased mortality and morbidity

A

Moderate risk

Still able to participate in exercise program

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13
Q

Assoc of CP rehab classifies pt with hx of uncomplicated MI and/or cardiac surgery as what risk for increased mortality and morbidity

A

Low risk

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14
Q

Assoc of CP rehab classifies pt with ST segment depression of 1 mm as what risk for increased mortality and morbidity

A

Moderate risk

If was greater than 2 mm then would be high risk

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15
Q

Assoc of CP rehab classifies pt with ventricular arrhythmias at rest as what risk for increased mortality and morbidity

A

High risk

Pts with uncontrolled arrhythmias should be excluded from exercise

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16
Q

Following cardiac transplant - what changes with HR

A

Increased resting HR (often greater than 80 bpm)
Dec HR response with exercise
Dec peak HR during exercise

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17
Q

Cushing syndrome - common s/s

A

Hypertension caused by potassium depletion and Na and H20 retention
Hypertension can cause left ventricular hypertrophy and inc risk of CHF or CVA

Central obesity, moon shaped face, hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

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18
Q

Tarsal tunnel is located

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus

Pain typically around the ankle region and may extend into toes

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19
Q

Half kneeling - anterior vs. posterior LE

A

The posterior LE is maintaining hip extension and lower trunk control

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20
Q

Order them from easiest to hardest for someone post CVA - half kneel with involved ant, half knee with involved post, tall kneel, bridge

A

Bridge
Half kneel with involved ant
Tall kneel
Half kneel with involved post

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21
Q

Controlled mobility refers to what

A

Ability to move within a WB position or rotate around a long axis
Activities emphasize weight shifting and trunk control with rotation

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22
Q

Stages of motor control

A

Mobility
Stability
Controlled mobility
Skill

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23
Q

Stability refers to what

A

Ability to maintain a position or posture through cocontraction and tonic holding around a joint
Unsupported sit with midline control is example

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24
Q

Gag reflex - which nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal

PT touches pharynx with tongue depressor

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25
Jaw jerk reflex - which nerve
Trigeminal nerve
26
Somatoagnosia
Impairment of body schema where there is a lack of awareness of a body structure and its relationship to other body parts, to oneself or to others
27
Anosognosia
Severe denial or awareness fo the presence or severity of one's neurologic defect or illness Pt may deny that a paretic limb belongs to them or lie about why an extremity does not move as it should
28
Highest level of SCI that would be able to drive an adapted van
C6
29
Positive predictive value =
estimates prob that a person who tests pos on screening test actually has the condition TRUE POS
30
Bobath =
NDT Pt learns to control movement through functional activities that promote normal mvmnt patterns that integrate function Focused on reinforcing normal mvmnt through key points of control and avoiding all reflex movement patterns and associated reactions
31
Kabat, Knott, and Voss approach =
Based on premise that stronger parts of the body are utilized to stimulate and strengthen weaker parts
32
Rood approach =
Based on sherrington and reflex model Believed that all motor output was result of both past and present sensory input Introduced sensory stimulation to facilitate or inhibit responses - like icing
33
Brunnstrom approach =
Created and defined the term synergy and initially encouraged the use of synergy patterns during rehab
34
Sympathetic pupil response
Dilation
35
Parasympathetic pupil response
Constriction
36
Raimiste's phenomenon
Involved LE abducts or adducts with applied resistance to the uninvolved LE in the same direction
37
Souques' phenomenon
Pt raises involved UE above 100 deg with elbow ext and leads to extension and abd of involved fingers
38
Coordination synkinesis
Voluntary cx of certain mm groups on involved side that in turn gives rise to involuntary cx of synergistic mm
39
Homolateral synkinesis
Mutual dependency btw the involved UE and LE | See mass flexion of LE as apply resistance to elbow flexion on ipsilateral side
40
Brachial plexus - Lateral cord gives off what
Musculocutaneous nerve Median nerve Lateral pectoral nerve
41
Brachial plexus - Posterior cord gives off what
Axillary nerve Radial nerve Thoracodorsal nerve Upper and lower subscapular nerves
42
Brachial plexus - Medial cord gives off what
Ulnar nerve Median nerve Medial pectoral nerve
43
Weight gain can be associated with what medical conditions
``` Hypothyroidism Cushings syndrome Organ disease CHF Essential fatty acid deficiencies Blood sugar imbalance ```
44
Menieres s/s
Overaccumulation of endoymph due to lack of absorption Hearing Loss Tinnitus Vertigo from 30 min to 24 hrs
45
Digitalis - common uses
Arrhythmias CHF Enhances parasympathetic activity or decreases symp
46
ASIA B
Intact sensory, but not motor, function below the neurological level including sacral segments Incomplete - sensory but not motor is preserved below lesion level
47
ASIA A
Complete - no motor or sensory
48
ASIA C
Incomplete - motor is preserved below lesion level but key mm have mm grade less than 3
49
ASIA D
Incomplete - motor is preserved below lesion and key mm have mm grade higher than 3
50
ASIA E
Motor and sensory are normal
51
Cluster sampling involves
``` Successive random sampling of a series of units in the population Large subgroups (clusters) are randomly selected first and then smaller units are selected from the clusters ```
52
High sampling error with cluster sampling - why?
Because the technique requires two or more samples to be drawn and each sample is subject to sampling error
53
3 classes of meds that decrease myocardial oxygen demand
Beta blockers Ca channel blockers Nitrates All can alleviate symptoms of angina
54
Beta blockers decrease myocardial oxygen demand by
Inhibiting the binding of epinephrine and norepinephrine to beta receptors Dec in HR, cx of the heart, CO, and BP
55
Ca channel blockers decrease myocardial oxygen demand by
preventing arterial vasospasm and inc cellular metabolic rate
56
Nitroglycerin decreases myocardial oxygen demand by
Dilating veins to dec venous return (preload) Dilating arteries to dec afterload Relax coronary artery smooth mm to inc coronary blood supply
57
Positive graded exercise test results when
there are ST segment changes present Greater than or equal to 1 mm of horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression is a standard criterion for positive test
58
Common disturbances that may lead to development of CP
``` Insult to fetal or infant brain Infections Hemorrhage Brain malformations Perivenricular leukomalacia ```
59
Hand contact for percussion
Cupped hand
60
Hand contact for vibration
Palmar aspect of the PTs hand in full contact with the affected lung segment Vibration applied at the end of deep inspiration and maintained through the end of expiration
61
Ligament most likely torn with an inversion ankle injury
Anterior talofibular!
62
Ionto - calculatin for current density
Current amplitude (mA) divided by the electrode size (cm^2)
63
Thrombocytosis - can be the result from
Compensation after severe hemorhage, surgery, iron deficiency, and as a manifestation of certain cancers Thrombocytosis is a high platelet count
64
Ratio scale
Absolute zero point 0 represents total absence of the property being measured Ex = height, weight
65
Interval scale
No true zero point | Temperature - 0 is not the absence of temp
66
Knee arthrokinematics
Femur - Convex Tibia - concave Concave on convex = SAME
67
Knee mob to inc ext
Anterior glide of the tibia on the femur
68
Contract relax is used to
Improve ROM
69
Repeated contractions is used to
Improve strength | Therapist provides a quick stretch followed by isometric or isotonic cx
70
Rhythmic stabilization is used to
Increase ROM and coordinate isometric contractions
71
Hold relax is used to
Improve ROM | Relaxation occurs and the extremity moves through the newly acquired range to the next point of limitation
72
Bony landmark used for measuring with functional reach test
Third metacarpal after asking the patient to make a fist
73
Corticosteroids provide
Hormonal, antiinflammatory, and metabolic effects | Reduce inflammation
74
Dermatitis is often treated with
Corticosteroids Antihistamines Immunomodulators
75
Folliculitis is often treated with
Antiseptic cleansers or antibiotics
76
Melanoma is often treated with
Surgery, chemo, radiation, immunotherapy
77
Rosacea is often treated with
Antibiotics, Vitamin A derivatives, or laser surgery
78
Barthel index
10 ADLs Scores range from 0-100 in increments of 5 Score of 100 = ind
79
Tinetti
Measures balance and gait using ordinal scale 0-2 | Possible of 28 points; less than 19 is high risk of falling
80
Pronation - foot - nonweightbearing
DF, Abd, Eversion
81
Supination - foot - nonweightbearing
PF, Add, Inversion
82
Emphysema - total lung capacity
Increased! | Because lungs become hyperinflated
83
C8 myotome
Thumb extension
84
T1 myotome
Finger abduction and adduction
85
Sip and puff controls used with
POWER wc! | Most often in those with C4 tetra
86
Neurontin =
Gabapentin used to prevent and control seizures Also used to relieve nerve pain in shingles, trigeminal neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy
87
Primary side effects of neurontin
Dizziness, ataxia, sedation, fatigue
88
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis = restrictive or obstructive
Restrictive! | So will have nromal FEV1/FVC ratio
89
Epidermis includes
AVASCULAR | flat, scale like squamous cells, round basal cells, and melanocytes
90
Dermis includes
VASCULAR | Hair follicles, arrector pilli mm, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, Meissners, lymphatic and BVs, nerve endings
91
PCA is ineffective form of pain management for who
People with altered cog status
92
Hydration status - impact of dehydration on hematocrit
Hematocrit may be inc when body's water content is decreased
93
Hydration status - impact of dehydration on BUN
Increased BUN can be indicative of dehydration, renal failure, or heart failure
94
Normal BUN
10-20 mg/dL
95
Hydration status - impact of dehydration on hemoglobin
Hemoglobin may be increased when body's water contect is decreased
96
Abdominal exam - what first and why
Auscultation | Percussion and palpation first would impact what you hear
97
Taylor brace =
TLSO - primarily limits trunk motion in sagittal plane (flex/ext) Two post rigid struts that attach inf to a pelvic band and sup to axillary straps
98
Milwaukee brace =
CTLSO
99
Jewett brace =
TLSO - two plates ant - primarily limits trunk flexion
100
Corset brace =
non rigid Does not restrict spinal motion Inc intra-abdominal pressure
101
Arterial line - inserted where and measures what
Inserted directly into an artery and is used to continuously monitor BP and obtain blood samples
102
Swan Ganz - measures what and inserted where
Right atrial pressure. pulmonary artery pressure | Advanced from femoral, brachial, or IJV into pulmonary artery
103
Humeroradial joint arthrokinematics
Humerus - capitulum - convex | Radius - radial head - concave
104
Humeroulnar joint arthrokinematics
Humerus - olecranon fossa- concave | Ulna - olecranon process - convex
105
When performng sensory testing - what should be done first?
Superficial sensation testing - Temperature, pain, crude tough, pressure
106
Diazepam
Valium - benzodiazapine - used to calm severe anxiety and agitation
107
Diazepam side effects
Sedation Impaired balance Dec neuromuscular function Dec central processing
108
Ice massage requires what treatment time
5 to 10 minutes
109
Central venous pressure catheter measures
Right atrium or SVC pressure | Measures pressures associated with the filling of the right ventricle (DBP)
110
Hickman catheter inserts where and functions for what
Inserts into the right atrium AKA Indwelling right atrial catheter Permits removal of blood samples, admin of meds, monitoring of central venous pressure
111
Spinothalamic tract = what part of cord
Anterior and Lateral
112
DCML - which part of cord
Posterior
113
Spinothalamic function
Temp Pain Touch
114
DCML function
Discriminative touch Stereognosis Kinesthesia

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