Belongs to HUBS, Lecture 30: Introduction to immunology and immune system

Question 1

what is immunology

Answer 1

the study of an organism’s immune system in health and disease

Question 2

the immune system is composed of:

Answer 2

• organs
• cells
• molecules

Question 3

what is the immune system

Answer 3

organised system of organs cells and molecules that interact to defend the body against disease

Question 4

examples of diseases affected by immune responses

Answer 4

• infectious disease
• inflammatory disease
• cancer

Question 5

examples of microbes

Answer 5

• viruses (smallest)
• bacteria
• fungi
• protozoa (biggest)

Question 6

pathogens are

Answer 6

disease causing microbes

Question 7

two classifications of immune system organs

Answer 7

• primary/secondary lymphoid organs

Question 8

activity occurring in primary lymphoid organs

Answer 8

production of white cells (lymphocytes)

Question 9

activity occurring in secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 9

site where immune responses are initiated

Question 10

primary lymphoid organs include

Answer 10

• thymus

- bone marrow

Question 11

thymus function

Answer 11

• ‘school’ for white blood cells called T cells

- developing T cells learn not to react to itself

Question 12

bone marrow function

Answer 12

source of stem cells that develop into cells of the innate/adaptive immune response

Question 13

bone marrow stem cells are

Answer 13

pluripotent

Question 14

secondary lymphoid organs include

Answer 14

• spleen

- lymph nodes

Question 15

spleen function

Answer 15

site of initiation for immune responses against blood-born pathogens

Question 16

lymph node location

Answer 16

along lymphatic vessels

Question 17

lymph node function

Answer 17

• lymph fluid from blood and tissue is filtered

- site of initiation of immune responses

Question 18

three layers of defence in the immune system

Answer 18

• chemical and physical barriers
• innate ‘arm’
• adaptive ‘arm’

Question 19

chemical and physical barrier layers

Answer 19

• epidermis
• dendritic cell
• dermis

Question 20

epidermis composition

Answer 20

dead cells, keratin and phagocytic immune cells

layer of dead cells

Question 21

dermis composition

Answer 21

thick layer of connective tissue, collagen, blood vessels and phagocytic immune cells

Question 22

dendritic cell functions

Answer 22

immune cells

Question 23

chemical defences on skin

Answer 23

antimicrobial peptides
lysozyme
sebum
salt

Question 24

antimicrobial peptides function

Answer 24

forms pores in microbial cell membranes

Question 25

lysozyme function

Answer 25

breaks down bacterial cell walls

Question 26

sebum function

Answer 26

low PH acts as antimicrobial

Question 27

salt function

Answer 27

hypertonic causes cell to shrivel

Question 28

mucous membranes layers

Answer 28

- epithelium | - fibrous connective tissue

Question 29

mucous membrane epithelium composition

Answer 29

highly packed live cells, constantly renewed, mucus-producing goblet cells

Question 30

location of mucosal membranes

Answer 30

lining parts of the internal body that are exposed to air

Question 31

mucociliary escalator function

Answer 31

get things we shouldn't have inhaled out of our system

Question 32

innate immunity features:

Answer 32

- already in place - fast acting - limited specificities - has no specific memory

Question 33

adaptive immunity features:

Answer 33

- improves during the response - slow acting - highly specific - has long-term specific memory

Question 34

innate defences include:

Answer 34

- surface barriers | - internal defences

Question 35

adaptive defences include:

Answer 35

- humeral immunity (B.cells) | - cellular immunity (T cells)