Lecture 3:Building blocks of cells

Question 1

Building blocks make…

Answer 1

macromolecules

Question 2

Amino acids make…

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

Nucleo bases make…

Answer 3

DNA/RNA

Question 4

Simple carbohydrates make…

Answer 4

Complex carbohydrates

Question 5

Glycerol, fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings (make)

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

4 main macromolecules:

Answer 6

polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
proteins
lipids (non-polymeric)

Question 7

4 levels of carbohydrates:

Answer 7

monosaccharides (simple)
disaccharides (simple)
oligosaccharides (complex)
polysaccharides (complex)

Question 8

Monosaccharides are…

Answer 8

single unit building blocks, of carbohydrates

Question 9

Disaccharides are…

Answer 9

two monosaccharides joined together

Question 10

Oligosaccharides are…

Answer 10

several monosaccharides linked together

Question 11

Polysaccharides are…

Answer 11

many monosaccharides linked together >10

Question 12

Functions of Carbohydrates:

Answer 12

recognition
energy
structure

Question 13

Structural plant carbohydrate

Answer 13

cellulose

Question 14

Carbohydrate for energy in plants/animals

Answer 14

starch - plant carbohydrate

glucose - animal carbohydrate

Question 15

Examples of monosaccharides:

Answer 15

Hexose

Pentose (part of larger molecules)

Question 16

Nucleic acids are…

Answer 16

informational molecules

Question 17

RNA is made of:

Answer 17

phosphate
base
ribose sugar

Question 18

DNA is made of:

Answer 18

phosphate
base
deoxyribose sugar

Question 19

RNA bases:

Answer 19

cytosine
guanine
adenine
uracil

Question 20

DNA bases

Answer 20

cytosine
guanine
adenine
thymine

Question 21

proteins are…

Answer 21

molecules by which cells preform their functions in the whole organism

Question 22

There are 20 amino acids that differ by..

Answer 22

R group/side chain

Question 23

First 4 functions of proteins:

Answer 23

structural
regulatory
contractile
transport

Question 24

Last 4 functions of proteins:

Answer 24

storage
protective
catalytic
toxic

Question 25

Example of structural protein:

Answer 25

collagen

Question 26

Example of regulatory protein:

Answer 26

insulin

Question 27

Example of contractile protein:

Answer 27

actin/myosin

Question 28

Example of transport protein:

Answer 28

Haemoglobin

Question 29

Example of storage protein:

Answer 29

egg white (albumin)

Question 30

Example of protective proteins:

Answer 30

antibodies

Question 31

Example of catalytic proteins:

Answer 31

RNA polymerase

Question 32

Example of toxic proteins:

Answer 32

Botulinum toxin

Question 33

Lipid characteristics:

Answer 33

not polymers heterogenous hydrophobic

Question 34

Example of heterogenous lipids:

Answer 34

``` Triacylglycerols steroids phospholipids glycolipids fat soluble vitamins ```

Question 35

Functions of lipids:

Answer 35

structural regulatory energy

Question 36

Example of structural lipids:

Answer 36

cholesterol/phospholipids

Question 37

Example of regulatory lipids:

Answer 37

cholesterol regulates testosterone, that regulates estrogen

Question 38

Example of energy lipids:

Answer 38

triacylglycerol - TAG