Lecture 2: The Diversity of life

Question 1

First 4 characteristics that define life:

Answer 1

cellular organisation
reproduction
metabolism
homeostasis

Question 2

Last 4 characteristics that define life:

Answer 2

hereditary
response to stimuli
growth and development
adaptation through evolution

Question 3

Scale of nature seen by unaided eye:

Answer 3

Human height
length of some nerve and muscle cells
chicken egg
frogs egg

Question 4

Scale of nature seen by light microscopy:

Answer 4

Human egg
most plans and animal cells
nucleus
most bacteria
mitochondrion

Question 5

Scale of nature seen by super-resolution microscopy:

Answer 5

smallest bacteria
viruses
ribosomes

Question 6

Scale of nature seen by an electron microscopy:

Answer 6

From plant and animal cells
proteins
lipids

Question 7

1 mm (μm) =

Answer 7

1000 μm

Question 8

1 μm (mm)

Answer 8

1/1000 mm

Question 9

1 μm (nm)

Answer 9

1000 nm

Question 10

Eukaryote cell range

Answer 10

10-100 μm

Question 11

Prokaryote cell size

Answer 11

less than 5 μm

Question 12

Mitochondria size

Answer 12

1-10 μm

Question 13

chloroplasts (size)

Answer 13

2-5μm

Question 14

membrane size

Answer 14

7-8 nm

Question 15

ribosomes (size)

Answer 15

25 nm

Question 16

Nanometers are used to measure…

Answer 16

internal structures of cells and organelles

Question 17

Requirements for natural selection:

Answer 17

Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time

Question 18

Phylogenetic tress

Answer 18

group organisms by shared characteristics

Question 19

characteristics include…

Answer 19

physical attributes

information sequences

Question 20

Three domains of life:

Answer 20

Bacteria
Eukarya
Archaea

Question 21

Endosymbiosis theory states…

Answer 21

two key organelles in eukaryotes are derived from bacteria

Question 22

mitochondria are derived from…

Answer 22

proteobacteria

Question 23

chloroplasts derive from…

Answer 23

cyanobacteria

Question 24

Key differences

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells

Answer 24

membrane enclosed organelles

present in eukaryotes

Question 25

Prokaryotes are in the ... domain

Answer 25

Bacteria/Archea

Question 26

eukaryotes are in the ... domain

Answer 26

eukarya

Question 27

Prokaryotic cells have...

Answer 27

DNA in no nucleus

Question 28

Eukaryotic cells have...

Answer 28

DNA throughout nucleus

Question 29

Eukarya domain includes:

Answer 29

land plants animals fungi

Question 30

Bacteria domain includes:

Answer 30

mitochondrion cyanobacteria plastids (including chloroplasts)

Question 31

``` Characteristics of Bacteria: Nuclear envelope - Membrane-enclosed organelles - Peptidoglycan in cell wall - circular chromosome - growth above 100 degree - ```

Answer 31

``` Absent Absent Present Present No ```

Question 32

``` Characteristics of Archaea: Nuclear envelope - Membrane-enclosed organelles - Peptidoglycan in cell wall - circular chromosome - growth above 100 degree - ```

Answer 32

``` Absent Absent Absent Present Some species ```

Question 33

``` Characteristics of Eukarya: Nuclear envelope - Membrane-enclosed organelles - Peptidoglycan in cell wall - circular chromosome - growth above 100 degree - ```

Answer 33

``` Present Present Absent Absent No ```