BIO 205 DNA MUTATION AND REPAIR Flashcards
(47 cards)
sources of DNA damage
- spontaneous (self-generated)
2. environmental
SPONTANEOUS DAMAGE
- hydrolytic attack
- oxidative attack
- replication error
what is hydrolytic attack
common food preservatives & processed foods (nitrates, nitrites)
what is oxidative attack
breaks down DNA backbone
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
- chemical exposure
- ionizing radiation
- UV exposure
- vaping
examples of chemical exposure
tobacco, food chemicals, pollutants, chemotherapeutics
examples of ionizing radiation
x-ray, gamma-ray
UVA versus UVB
UVA burns skin
UVB burns DNA (2-10% reaches basal layer)
DNA damage can lead to ___
mutations
which DNA damage is passed on through generations
germ line
two types of DNA damage
- germ line
* somatic
germ line mutation example
sickle cell anemia
• genetic disease
• inherited blood disorder
what is sickle cell anemia
single nucleotide change (A to T)
somatic mutation
- CANNOT BE PASSED
- proliferating cancer cells
- changes of getting cancer = age correlated
- cannot be passed
types of DNA mutations
point mutation, deleting, insertion, frameshift
point mutation also called ____
single base substitution
which DNA mutation is most common
single-base sub. / point mutation
point mutation
one letter change
deletion
base is removed from the DNA sequence
insertion
base is inserted into the DNA sequence
deletion/insertion not drastic when ____
in multiples of 3
In insertion or deletion can cause a ________
frameshift mutation
large scale damage: The four types of chromosomal mutations
deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations
codons are always __ base-pairs (nucleotides) in length
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