bio 22 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the name of the symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits from the association while the other is neither helped nor harmed?
A
Commensalism
2
Q
What is the name of the symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits from the association while the other is harmed?
A
Parasitism
3
Q
What name is given t the sub units which make up all proteins?
A
Amino acids
4
Q
Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats?
A
Lipase
5
Q
In which layer of the human skin are the squamous cells?
A
Epidermis
6
Q
What is another name for the subcutaneous fat layer of the human skin?
A
Hypodermis
7
Q
In DNA - RNA based pairing, cytosine pairs with what?
A
Guanine
8
Q
In genetics what occurs when there is a change in the sequence of nucleotide bases in a person’s DNA?
A
Mutation
9
Q
What is the scientific name for mango?
A
Magnifera Indica
10
Q
What is the scientific name for papaya?
A
Carica Papaya
11
Q
What is the name given to a plant or invertebrate animal having both male and female reproductive sexual organs?
A
Hermaphrodite
12
Q
What is the name for the basic unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome?
A
Gene
13
Q
What is the name for the special area of the brain where every memory you have is stored?
A
Hippocampus
14
Q
In which lobe of the brain is the hippocampus embedded?
A
Temporal
15
Q
What is the name of the gelatinous non-cellular layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm of coelenterates?
A
Mesoglea
16
Q
What is the name of the white spongy sheath of dead empty cells that surround the aerial roots of some epithetic plants?
A
Velamen
17
Q
What is the name of the symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits from the association while the other is neither helped nor harmed?
A
Commensalism
17
Q
To which phylum in the animal kingdom do sea urchins belong?
A
Echinodermata
19
Q
What is the name of the symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits from the association while the other is harmed?
A
Parasitism
20
Q
What name is given t the sub units which make up all proteins?
A
Amino acids
21
Q
Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats?
A
Lipase
22
Q
In which layer of the human skin are the squamous cells?
A
Epidermis
23
Q
What is another name for the subcutaneous fat layer of the human skin?
A
Hypodermis
24
Q
In DNA - RNA based pairing, cytosine pairs with what?
A
Guanine
25
In genetics what occurs when there is a change in the sequence of nucleotide bases in a person’s DNA?
Mutation
26
What is the scientific name for mango?
Magnifera Indica
27
What is the scientific name for papaya?
Carica Papaya
28
What is the name given to a plant or invertebrate animal having both male and female reproductive sexual organs?
Hermaphrodite
29
What is the name for the basic unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome?
Gene
30
What is the name for the special area of the brain where every memory you have is stored?
Hippocampus
31
In which lobe of the brain is the hippocampus embedded?
Temporal
32
What is the name of the gelatinous non-cellular layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm of coelenterates?
Mesoglea
33
Which specific vitamin is phylloquinone?
K / K1
34
What is the scientific name for wind pollination?
Anemophily
35
What is the name for a honey farm or place where bee hives are kept?
Apiary
36
The fovea capitis is a small oval shaped dimple on the ball shaped end of which bone in the body?
Thigh bone / femur
37
What is the name of the yellow spot in the centre of the retina in the human eye?
Macula lutea
38
Which mosquito is the most common vector of the disease filariasis in Africa?
Anopheles
39
The chikungunya virus is often spread by which mosquito?
Aedes aegypti / Aedes albopictus
40
To which phylum do sea urchins and sea stars belong?
Echinodermata
41
What is the second largest phylum of invertebrate animals after Arthropoda?
Mollusca
42
Apart from the alimentary tract or canal what is the name for the tract which contains all the major organs of the body’s digestive system?
Gastrointestinal tract
43
What is the biological name for the inflammation of the pancreas?
Pancreatitis
44
What is the name of the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary?
Infundibulum
45
What is the name of the middle meninges layer of the brain?
Arachnoid layer
46
To what order in the animal kingdom do snakes belong?
Squamata
47
To which order in the animal kingdom do python snakes belong?
Chordate
48
What is the name for a parenchyma cell that is photosynthetic?
Chlorenchyma
49
What is the name for the tissues in plants also known as blast that conduct foods made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant?
Phloem
50
To which order of animals do gorilla and chimpanzees belong?
Primates
51
To which in the plant kingdom do flowering plants belong?
Angiosperms
52
What is the biological term for the wall or walls between some fungal cells?
septum
53
What is the name for the structures that fungi used for absorbing nutrients?
Mycelium
54
Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced in which specific organ of the body?
Pancreas
55
In which specific organ of the body is the male sex hormone testosterone made?
Testes
56
What is the name of the process in which RNA is made from DNA?
Transcription
57
What is the name of the process in which DNA makes a copy of itself?
DNA replication
58
To which order in the animal kingdom do grasshopper belong?
Orthoptera
59
To which order in the animal kingdom do ants belong?
Hymenoptera
60
What is the name for the large bundle of nerve fibre that connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
Carpus callosum
61
What is the scientific name for the two sex chromosomes that represents or identify the gender of a human?
Gonosome
62
Specifically, what changes the shape of the lens when the eye focuses on a near object?
Ciliary muscles
63
What is the name for the ability of the human eye to change its focus from distance objects to near ones and vice versa?
Accommodation
64
Which organ in the body’s lymphatic system is responsible for promoting immune functions filtering the blood and managing blood volume?
Spleen
65
What is the scientific name for the so-called fight or flight hormone?
Adrenaline
66
To which suborder in the animal kingdom do butterflies belong?
Rhopalocera
67
To which suborder in the animal kingdom do bees belong?
Apocrita
68
What is the name for lymph vessels within the villi of a vertebrate’s intestines?
Lacteals
69
Which specific dietary nutrients are lacteals responsible for absorbing and transporting?
Lipids
70
Cystitis is the inflammation of which specific part of the body?
Gall bladder
71
What is the name for the inflammation of the lining of the stomach?
Gastritis
72
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves in what specific part of the body?
Between the neck and the shoulder
73
Which specific artery supplies the human brain and head with oxygenated blood?
Carotid artery (2014 R2M2)
74
What is the name of the skeleton that forms the vertical axis of the human body?
Axial Skeleton
75
The pelvic girdle in humans comprises how many fused bones?
3
76
What name is given to plants that are specially adapted to tolerate dry conditions?
Xerophytes
77
Name one of the two parts of the outermost layer of the human eye?
Sclera or Cornea
78
Which branch of biology is concerned with the classification of living things?
Taxonomy
79
What name is given to plants that are specially adapted tolerate and areas of high salinity?
Halophytes
80
What is the light sensitive layer of tissue lining the inner surface of the human eye?
Retina
81
What is the name of the condition characterized by physical deformity and learning difficulties that is caused by congenital thyroid deficiency?
Cretinism
82
What happens to the focal length when the lens of the eyes becomes fatter?
It decreases
83
What is the name of the condition characterized by an excess of growth hormones after adolescence?
Acromegaly
84
Which cells of the retina when light intensity is low?
Rods
85
What type of cells is specifically responsible for secretion of the hormone calcitonin in humans?
Parafollicular Cells/ C Cells
86
What is the more common name for the tympanic membrane?
Eardrum
87
In humans, the hormone calcitonin is secreted by which specific gland?
Thyroid gland
88
What is the combined name for the three small bones of the middle ear?
Ossicles
89
Which type of joint allows rotation movement as well as movement in different planes?
Ball and socket
90
In human anatomy what is another name for the collar bone?
Clavicle
91
Which specific vitamin is known as Niacin?
B3
92
In human anatomy what is the common name for the scapula?
Shoulder blade
93
Which specific vitamin is known as cobalamin?
B12
94
The name ‘gametes’ was introduced by which Austrian biologist?
Gregor Mendel
95
In which part of the human body is the sclera?
Eye
96
Gametes carry what percentage of the genetic information of an individual?
50%
97
In which part of the human body is the largest bone?
Thigh
98
Which part of the flower is the peduncle?
Stalk
99
Sexual reproduction in a Spirogyra occurs by what process?
Conjugation
100
What is the name for the part for the flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached?
Receptacle
101
What is the scientific name for the plate covering the gills of a fish?
Operculum
102
What is another name for high blood pressure?
Hypertension
103
Which part of the female reproductive system carries the developing fetus during pregnancy?
Uterine wall/uterus wall
104
What is the name of the mosquito which transmits malaria?
anopheles
105
What is another name for pink eye?
Conjunctivitis
106
Which part of the male reproductive system is oval in shape about the size of very large olives that lie in the scrotum?
Testes
107
What is the name of the genetic disorder characterized by a gradual loss of muscle mass accompanied by progressive weakness?
Muscular dystropy
108
Which type of cancer starts in either the bone muscle cartilage or connective tissues?
Sarcoma
109
Name the enzyme which converts prothrombin in the blood to thrombin?
Thrombokise/thromboplastin
110
What is the name given to neurons which pass impulses from the sensory neurons to the motor neurons in humans?
Relay neurons
111
Which type of cancer starts in the skin or in epithelial cells?
Carcinoma
112
What is the name of the insoluble protein formed in the blood when clotting is activated?
Fibrin
113
Which lobe of the cerebrum includes Broca’s area which governs speech?
Frontal
114
How many vertebrae are infused to form the sacrum in humans?
5
115
Mad cow disease’s scientific name is BSE. What does BSE stand for?
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
116
Which lobe of the brain includes Wernicke’s area for understanding language?
Temporal lobe
117
What is the scientific name for the tailbone in humans?
coccyx
118
DVT is a condition in which blood clots form in a deep. What does DVT mean?
Deep Vein Thrombosis
119
Which gland in the human body is called the master gland?
Pituitary
120
Melanoma is a disease of which organ of the body?
Skin
121
Approximately what percent of blood is plasma?
55 percent
122
FSH is produced by the pituitary gland what does FSH mean?
Follicle stimulating hormone
123
Where are red blood produced in the human body?
Bone marrow
124
Which organ is the primary source of the hormone glucagon?
Pancreas
125
Which scientist is often referred to as the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
126
What is the scientific name for the human growth hormone?
Somatotropin
127
Which organ is the primary source of the hormone calcitriol?
Kidney
128
Which scientist is often referred to as the father of antibiotics?
Alexander Flemming
129
What endocrine gland controls metabolic rate which in turn affects growth and development?
Thyroid gland
130
Specifically, which vitamin is niacin?
B3
131
What is the name for the complete set of genetic information in an organism?
Genome
132
Specifically, which vitamin is phylloquinone?
K1
133
According to the nitrogen pair ruling thymine (T) will bond with which base?
Adenine
134
Which specific part of the human ear contains the sensory organ of hearing?
Cochlea
135
What is the name for the portion of the embryonic cell above the point at which the stem is attached to the cotyledon?
Epicotyl
136
What is the scientific name for the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals?
Colostrum
137
What is the name for the point of attachment of a plant’s seed to the ovary wall?
Hilum
138
What is the largest sub phylum of the animal phylum Chordata?
Vertebrata
139
Jamaicans have been doing COVID PCR tests what does PCR stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction
140
What is the name for the partially digested food that is discharged from the stomach into the duodenum?
Chyme
141
Some of the Covid vaccines use MRNA technology. What does MRNA stand for?
Messenger ribonucleic acid
142
What is the name for a protein molecule which triggers the immune system to produce anti bodies against it?
Antigen
143
What is the name for the most sensitive part of the retina where most light rays are focused?
Fovea or macula lutea
144
What is the name for the structure in the nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses from the cell body to the nerve?
Axon
145
Which part of the eye contains blood vessels which provide the retina with food and oxygen?
Choroid
146
What is the source of the gastric digestive juice in the stomach?
Gastric gland
147
What is the name for the branched structure that extends from a neuron’s cell body?
Dendrite
148
What is the name for the part of a plant seed which provides nutrition for the developing plant embryo?
Endosperm or cotyledon
149
What is the name for the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration?
Diffusion
150
What is the name of a haploid cell used for sexual reproduction?
Gamete
151
What is the name for the creation of organic molecules from non-living things?
Abiogenesis
152
What is the name of the plant hormone which causes the elongation of cells and shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth?
Auxin
153
Which gland in the human body secretes aldosterone?
Adrenal gland
154
What is the name for the ability of a plant to grow directionally in response to a light source?
Phototropism
155
Which hormone is mainly responsible for reabsorption of water through the kidney?
ADH or Vasopressin
156
In humans what is the name of the tube which carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
157
How many permanent teeth does the normal adult have?
32
158
Which hormone increases the rate of metabolism in humans?
Thyroxine
159
Approximately how many milliliters of urine is the average human bladder capable of holding?
300 - 600ml
160
What is the scientific name for a sub type of white blood cell with a single round nucleus that produces antibodies in response to an infection?
Lymphocyte
161
What is the name for the small hair protuberances on the outside of eukaryotic cells?
Cilia
162
What is the scientific name for a type of white blood cell capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria?
Phagocyte
163
What is the name for the final stages in the process of eukaryotic cell division in which the cytoplasm organelles and cellular membranes are divided?
cytokinesis
164
What is another name for the chrysalis of a butterfly?
Pupa
165
What is the scientific term for the maintenance of constant conditions in the internal environment of the body?
Homeostasis
166
What is the common name for sucrose?
Table sugar
167
What is the name for the larval stage of a frog?
Tadpole
168
What is the name for the hollow cup of cells at the start of a nephron?
Bowman’s capsule
169
What is the common name for maltose?
Malt sugar
170
What is a single piece of coiled DNA called?
Chromosome
171
What is the biological term for dead organic matter in ecosystems?
Detritus
172
What are the proteins produced by plasma cells called?
Antibodies
173
What is the change in the DNA in an organism that results in a new trait?
Mutation
174
What do you call factors that are non-living chemical and physical parts of an environment?
Abiotic
175
A person with an anti A anti B antibodies in their blood has what blood type?
Type O
176
Oxytocin is one of two hormones which is a major contributor in the production and release of breast milk in humans what is the other?
Prolactin
177
FSH is the abbreviation for which hormone?
Follicle stimulating hormone
178
What is the name of the intestinal enzyme that aids in the breakdown of table sugar into glucose and fructose?
Sucrase
179
HCG is the abbreviation for which hormone?
Human chorionic gonadotrophin
180
What is the name of the main unit that creates and anchors microtubules in a cell?
Centriole
181
What is the name of a cell or nucleus which contains a complete set of chromosomes paired with their homologs?
Diploid
182
What is the name for the point on a chromosome where spindled fibres attach to pull sister chromatids apart during cell division?
Centromere
183
What is the name of the cell formed when two gametes fuse during fertilization?
Zygote
184
In humans, the right lung is larger than the left lung, true or false?
True
185
What is the name for the phase in the cardiac cycle where the heart relaxes and allows blood to refill each Atrium?
Diastole
186
In humans, the right lung has three lobes while the left lung has two, true or false?
True
187
What is the specific name for the variation of a gene that will produce a certain phenotype?
Dominant Allele
188
Which phylum do roundworms belong?
Nematoda
189
Which tendon connects the heel to the calf muscle?
Achilles
190
To what phylum does starfish belong?
Echinodermata
191
What is the more common name for the hallux valgus?
Bunion
192
What is the name of the hard layer of tissue lining the enamel of a human tooth?
Dentine
193
What is another name for an amniotic fluid test (AFT)?
Amniocentesis
194
What is the name of the connective tissue that binds the root of the human teeth firm to the gum?
Cementum
195
What is the name of an X-ray picture of a human breast?
Mammogram
196
What is the name of the layer of cells covering the cornea of the human eye?
Epithelium
197
What is the name of the opening in the occipital bone to admit the spinal cord in humans?
Foramen magnum
198
The lamina fusca is a zone of which specific part of the human eye?
Sclera
199
What is the more common name for the zygomatic bone in humans?
Cheek bone
200
Which hormone helps to build bone mass and to regulate calcium levels in the blood?
Calcitonin
201
What is the name of the gland that produces the bulk of the seminal fluid in humans?
Prostate
202
Which hormone causes the adrenal to release cortisol in responses to stress?
Corticotrophin
203
What is the name of the duct that transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts?
Vas deferens
204
What is another name for the muscular motions of the digestive tract which propel the food along the tract?
Peristalsis
205
What is the scientific term for semi-liquid partially digested food carried to the stomach?
Chyme
206
What is another name for the digestive tract?
Alimentary canal
207
What is the middle part of the small intestines?
Jejunum
208
The scotoma is the scientific terms for what structure in the human body?
Blind spot
209
What name is given to the COVID-19 variant classified as B117?
Alpha
210
In one type of asexual reproduction in flatworms a part of the body is split off longitudinally and regenerates into a new worm what is this process?
Fragmentation or cloning
211
What is the name used to refer to the combination of tarsal bones in humans?
Ankle
212
Which hormone controls the body’s mood appetite and sleep cycles?
Seratonin
213
What name is given to the COVID-19 variant classified as B16172?
Delta
214
Which is the scientific term for the head of a tapeworm?
Scolex
215
Which hormone helps in constructing bone and reducing blood calcium?
Calcitonin
216
What type of structural joint is found at the base of the index finger in humans?
Condyloid
217
What is the name of the larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian?
Tadpole
218
Which organ is the source of the hormone calcitriol?
Kidney
219
What type of structural joint is found in the neck of humans?
Pivot joint
220
What is the name of the stage in the life of a silkworm in which the larva spin silk threads around it to protect itself?
Cocoon
221
The hormone melatonin is released from which gland in the body?
Pineal gland
222
What is another name for the tympanic cavity in humans?
Middle ear
223
To which wavelength of the visible spectrum is the average human eye most sensitive?
550nm
224
Which part of the inner ear contains the receptor which sends the position of the head?
Vestibule
225
Approximately how many rods are there on average on the retina of the human eye?
120 million
226
The FSH is made by the pituitary gland what does FSH mean?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
227
Which hormone is called the love drug?
Oxytocin
228
The ACTH is produced by the pituitary gland what does ACTH stand for?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
229
What is another name for the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?
Vasopressin
230
