Bio 223 A Exam 4 Review Quiz

Question 1

A lesion in the brain stem resulting in a rapid heart rate and elevated BP would be located in what part of the brain?

Answer 1

Medulla Oblongata

Question 2

Which part of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?

Answer 2

Medulla Oblongata

Question 3

A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited normal tension, disturbed fine motor skills, and tremors when reaching for objects. What part of the brain is damaged?

Answer 3

Cerebellum

Question 4

Which two portions of the brain are involved in controlling respiration?

Answer 4

Pons and Medulla Oblongata

Question 5

What do we call the white matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 5

Arbor vitae

Question 6

Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to what?

Answer 6

Thalamus

Question 7

Your pt has an eating disorder along with intense thirst and widely varying body temperatures which means they may have dysfunction of what?

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

A 12-year-old young boy exhibits reduced metabolism, lack of normal gland development, inability to regulate intake of water, and uncontrolled appetite?

Answer 8

Hypothalamus

Question 9

What is the sequence of the brain stem from the diencephalon downward?

Answer 9

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Spinal Cord

Question 10

What is the large C-shaped mass of white matter that consists of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres?

Answer 10

Corpus Callosun

Question 11

What structure acts as a gateway for impulses before they reach the cerebral cortex?

Answer 11

Thalamus

Question 12

What structure produces CSF( Cerebral Spinal Fluid)

Answer 12

Choroid plexus found in ventricles

Question 13

Which region of the cerebral cortex controls motor speech?

Answer 13

Broca’s area

Question 14

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for visual interpretation?

Answer 14

Occipital

Question 15

Which part of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?

Answer 15

Medulla Oblongata

Question 16

The cerebral aqueduct connects which structures?

Answer 16

Third and fourth ventricles

Question 17

Neurons that have a single axon and single dendrite are called what

Answer 17

Bipolar

Question 18

Your pt is being treated for a neurological condition with a specific drug that targets neurons deep in the brain, which glial cell must be bypassed in order for the drug to be effective?

Answer 18

Astrocytes ( BBB)

Question 19

Hydrocephalus is a condition whereby CSF accumulates around the brain, which supportive cells continue despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 19

Ependymal cells

Question 20

What does the central nervous system include?

Answer 20

Brain and spine cord

Question 21

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder in which the myelin sheaths in the axons of the neurons of the CNS are destroyed, which neuroglial cell is damaged?

Answer 21

Oligodendrocytes

Question 22

What are gaps in the myelin sheath called?

Answer 22

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 23

How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves are there?

Answer 23

12 cranial, 31 spinal

Question 24

What structure in the brain controls body temperature regulation?

Answer 24

Hypothalamus

Question 25

What is the thickest layer of the meninges called?

Answer 25

Dura Matter

Question 26

Saltatory conduction of an action potential means what?

Answer 26

Jumps from node to node

Question 27

Which division of the PNS conveys action potentials to the CNS

Answer 27

Sensory division

Question 28

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 28

Brain and spinal cord

Question 29

Damage to what part of the brain would affect sensory projection to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 29

Thalamus

Question 30

Which division of the PNS transmits impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles and glands?

Answer 30

Efferent (motor) division

Question 31

What do we call the junction of a neuron to another cell?

Answer 31

Synapse, Synapse, Neurojunction

Question 32

What structure senses the external environment and is the input part of a neuron?

Answer 32

Dendrites

Question 33

What structures are included in the PNS?

Answer 33

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 34

Where are the neurotransmitters released from?

Answer 34

Presynaptic Terminal

Question 35

What structure connects the medulla to the midbrain?

Answer 35

Pons

Question 36

Sensory

Answer 36

Afferent division

Question 37

Motor

Answer 37

Efferent division

Question 38

Structurally, what is the simplest reflex?

Answer 38

Stretch

Question 39

What is the reflex that prevents excessive tension in a muscle?

Answer 39

Golgi tendon reflexes

Question 40

What is the conus medullaris?

Answer 40

Tapered end of spinal cord

Question 41

What is the reflex that protects limbs by removing them from painful stimuli?

Answer 41

Withdraw

Question 42

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

Answer 42

8 pairs

Question 43

When a person hits their funny bone, which nerve is temporarily damaged?

Answer 43

Ulnar

Question 44

If there is an injury to the wrist which results in edema in the carpal tunnel, what nerve would be compressed?

Answer 44

Medial nerve

Question 45

What is the middle thin spider-like layer of meninges?

Answer 45

Arachnoid

Question 46

Which cranial nerves are exclusively sensory?

Answer 46

Olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear

Question 47

Facial expression is regulated by which nerve?

Answer 47

Facial nerve

Question 48

A deer hunter lost hearing in his right ear when his gun exploded, which nerve was damaged?

Answer 48

Vestibulocochlear

Question 49

If your pt is unable to raise their shoulder, which nerve is damaged?

Answer 49

Spinal accessory

Question 50

If Broca's area is damaged, what would be the result?

Answer 50

Loss of the ability to speak

Question 51

The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as what?

Answer 51

Dorsal root

Question 52

What does the abducens nerve do?

Answer 52

Lateral eye movement

Question 53

Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

Answer 53

Vagus nerve

Question 54

When you lick frosting off a knife and find it to be sweet, which cranial nerve is involved?

Answer 54

Facial

Question 55

The perception of position and movement of body parts is known as?

Answer 55

Proprioception

Question 56

What does the nervous system do for us?

Answer 56

Transmits signal , between the brain and rest of the body ( ability to move, breath, think)

Question 57

What part of our brain is responsible for problem solving skills?

Answer 57

Cerebral cortex, frontal lobe

Question 58

What is the space found between the vertebral wall and dura mater referred to as?

Answer 58

Epidural space

Question 59

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 59

Lumbar spine L1 or L2 ( Where conus medulla ribs begins)

Question 60

A weightlifter is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them, which reflex made this possible?

Answer 60

Golgi tendon reflux

Question 61

What does the endoneurium cover?

Answer 61

Individual nerve fibers

Question 62

When a person hits their funny bone, which nerve is temporarily damaged?

Answer 62

Ulnar nerve

Question 63

Which group (plexus) does the sciatic nerve come from?

Answer 63

Sacral plexus

Question 64

During a spinal tap, CSF is obtained from which part of the spinal cord?

Answer 64

Subarachnoid space

Question 65

Which division of the PNS conveys action potentials to the CNS?

Answer 65

Sensory afferent division

Question 66

What do we call the neuron in the CNS that carries AP from one neuron to another?

Answer 66

Interneuron or association neuron

Question 67

What are gaps in the myelin sheath called?

Answer 67

Nodes of ranvier

Question 68

What cells would be active if you had an infection in the brain?

Answer 68

Microglial

Question 69

Gray matter on the surface of the brain is called?

Answer 69

Cerebral cortex

Question 70

What happens to a neuron during hyperpolarization?

Answer 70

Becomes more negative than the normal resting potential

Question 71

Depolarization happens when a cell membrane has rapid influx of what?

Answer 71

Sodium ions

Question 72

What happens during the absolute refractory period?

Answer 72

Neuron can not respond to another stimulus

Question 73

Stimulus either causes an action potential or it does not, what is this called?

Answer 73

Jumps from node to node principle

Question 74

Where are the neurotransmitters released from?

Answer 74

Presynaptic terminal

Question 75

Ion responsible for the release of neurotransmitters?

Answer 75

Calcium

Question 76

What is IPSP?

Answer 76

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential ( closer to threshold)

Question 77

What is EPSP?

Answer 77

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (closer to threshold)

Question 78

Local anesthetics decrease membrane permeability of sodium ions which causes what?

Answer 78

No action potential can be generated, numbs muscles so you do not sense the pain

Question 79

Why is IPSP inhibitory?

Answer 79

More hyper polarized

Question 80

If you have five action potentials that arrive at the same synapse in very close succession, what would happen?

Answer 80

Temporal summation occurs

Question 81

What portion of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?

Answer 81

Medulla Oblongata

Question 82

What connects the medulla to the midbrain?

Answer 82

Pons

Question 83

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 83

Balance and fine motor coordination

Question 84

What's the stock that connects the hypothalamus to the hypophysis (pituitary gland)?

Answer 84

Infundibulum

Question 85

Sensory input sending through the spinal cord projects to where?

Answer 85

Thalamus

Question 86

Elevated parts of the cortex are called?

Answer 86

Gyrus or gyri ( increase surface area)

Question 87

The matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called?

Answer 87

Cerebral cortex

Question 88

C-shaped mass of white matter that consists of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres?

Answer 88

Corpus callosum

Question 89

The cerebral aqueduct connects which structures?

Answer 89

Third and fourth ventricles

Question 90

If the flu increases membrane permeability to potassium, what happens to the cells?

Answer 90

They would hyper polarized

Question 91

Where is the white and grey matter located in the brain

Answer 91

White- inside Grey-outside

Question 92

Where is the white and grey matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 92

White- outside Grey- inside

Question 93

If the local potential of a neuron goes to -80mv what would happen?

Answer 93

Would become hyper polarized

Question 94

If you have rapid removal of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, what would happen?

Answer 94

No action potential would occur in postsynaptic membrane

Question 95

What’s the function of acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 95

To break down acetylcholine

Question 96

Viagra prolongs the effect of what?

Answer 96

Nitrous oxide

Question 97

Synaptic vesicles are found where?

Answer 97

Presynaptic neurons

Question 98

What type of neuroglial cells provide support and nutrition to the sensory ganglia in the PNS?

Answer 98

Satellite cells

Question 99

What enables the rapid transmission of action potentials down an axon?

Answer 99

Myelin

Question 100

What are the neurotransmitters found in the brain?

Answer 100

Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, endorphins

Question 101

What does the abducens nerve do?

Answer 101

Eye movement

Question 102

Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

Answer 102

Vagus nerve

Question 103

During a spinal tap, CSF is obtained from which part of the spinal cord?

Answer 103

Subarachnoid space

Question 104

What branch do we get from the sciatic nerve?

Answer 104

Tibial nerve, common fibular nerve

Question 105

Where does the spinal cord begin?

Answer 105

Foramen Magnum