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Bio 223A > Bio 223A Exam 2 Part 3 > Flashcards

Bio 223A Exam 2 Part 3 Flashcards

Chapter 8

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where two bones meet

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2
Q

What is a symphysis?

A

Two bones joined by fibrocartilage

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3
Q

where do we find the symphysis pubis?

A

In the pelvis

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4
Q

Where do you find the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Cervical spine

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5
Q

Joint functional classifications

A

Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

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6
Q

Synarthrosis joint classification

A

Does not allow any movement between articulating bones

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7
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Allows only a small amount of movement between articulating bones

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8
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable, allowing a wide variety of specific movements

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9
Q

Joint structural classifications

A

Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints

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10
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Fastened together by den regular collagenous connective tissue without a joint space between articulating bones; can be synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis

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11
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Fastned tougher with cartilage without a joint space; can be synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis

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12
Q

Synovial joints

A

Diarthrosis joints have layer of hyaline cartilage on articulating surface of each bone joint space is a fluid-filled cavity found between articulating bones

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13
Q

Suture

A

Immovable joint between edges of bones that make up cranium; fully fused sutures are very stable, well suited for protecting brain

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14
Q

What is gomphosis?

A

Immovable joint between each tooth and its bony socket in jaw

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15
Q

What is periodontal ligament

A

Strong fibrous membrane that links tooth firmly to jaw

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16
Q

What is a synostosis joint?

A

Synarthrotic, totally rigid, immovable joint that forms when bones fuse, bone replaces the cartilaginous connection

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17
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Joint between tibia, fibula , ulna and radius; bones are joined by an interosseous membrane or ligament composed of dense regular collagenous connective tissue, which allows for small amount of movement

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17
Q

What type of joints are the joints in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Synovial joints

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18
Q

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

A

Lubricates the joint and reduces friction

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19
Q

An example of where brusa is found?

A

Shoulders

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20
Q

What is the function bursa?

A

Reduce friction between all moving parts associated with joints

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21
Q

Tendon sheath

A

Long brusa that surrounds tendons; protects tendons as they slide across joint during movement

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22
Q

Where are epiphyseal plates found?

A

Ends of long bones, where growth happens

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23
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Consists of bones linked together by hyaline cartilage

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24
Q

Epiphyseal plates

A

Composed of hyaline cartilage that connect diaphysis and epiphysis of developing long bones; replaced with bone during maturation

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24
Q

What joints do knees have?

A

Complex ellipsoid joint

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25
Q

What type of joints are most moveable?

A

Diarthroses, synovial joints

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26
Q

Joint cavity( Synovial cavity)

A

Space found between articulating bones

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27
Q

Articular capsule

A

Double-layered structure, outer fibrous layer keeps articulating bones from being pulled apart and isolates joints from rest of the body, inner layer ( Synovial membrane) lines entire inner surface expect where hyaline cartilage is present

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28
Q

What do the cells in the synovial membrane secrete?

A

Synovial Fluid

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29
Q

When you bow your head, what type of movement is that?

A

Synovial fluid, the movement is cervical flexion

30
Q

What type of tissue are ligaments?

A

Dense, regular, collagenous connective tissue

31
Q

What type of tissue are tendons?

A

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue.

32
Q

Example of uniaxial joint

A

Elbow

33
Q

Example of biaxial joint

A

Phalanges

34
Q

Example of multiaxial joint

A

Shoulder

35
Q

Gliding movement of synovial joints?

A

Carpals, tarsals, vertebrae, sliding motion between non axial surfaces

36
Q

Angular movements of synovial joints

A

Increase or decrease angle between articulating bones

37
Q

Flexion synovial joint

A

Brings articulating bones closer to one another ( Lifting weights into body )

38
Q

Extension of synovial joint

A

Articulating bones move away from each other( lifting eights outwards of the body)

39
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Extension of the ankle so that the foot points down and away form the leg

40
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Backward bending and contracting of you hand or foot( stretching your foot up and down)

41
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

Extension beyond anatomical position of joint

41
Q

What is the opposite of extension?

A

Flexion

42
Q

Abduction

A

Moving body part away from midline

43
Q

Adduction

A

Moving body part towards midline

44
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of a limb at the far end ( Anatomical position moving far in circular motion)

45
Q

Rotation

A

Nonsingular motion in which bone rotates on imaginary lines
( Head moves side to side, foot twist side to side)

46
Q

Opposition

A

Moving thumb towards palm

47
Q

Reposition

A

returning thumb to anatomical position

48
Q

Depression

A

Movement of the body part in inferior direction

49
Q

Elevation

A

Movement of the body part in superior direction

50
Q

Protraction

A

Moves body in a posterior direction

51
Q

Inversion

A

Rotational motion in which foot up moves medially

52
Q

Eversion

A

Foot rotates laterally away from midline

53
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Angle between foot and leg decrease ( Rockstar)

54
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Angel between foot and leg increases, (Ballerina)

55
Q

Supination

A

Rotation that moves palms forward

56
Q

Pronation

A

turning the palm downward

57
Q

What is the TMJ joint?

A

Temporomandibular joint

58
Q

How is the TMJ joint formed by the mandible?

A

Articular tubercle of temporal bone and condyle of the mandible

59
Q

Where is the rotator cuff found?

A

Shoulder joint, scapula

60
Q

What does the rotator cuff provide?

A

Most of the joints structural stabilization and strength

61
Q

What type of movements are possible with the hip joint?

A

Multiaxial movements , flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and hip rotation

61
Q

Where do you find the ligamentum teres?

A

Head of femur

62
Q

Acetabulum bones

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

63
Q

What do the ligaments try to provide?

A

Strongest ligament

64
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ( ACL) ligament do?

A

Helps stabilize the knee

65
Q

What Are meniscus and (MCL) found?

A

Knee

66
Q

What do the meniscus and medial collateral ligament ( MCL) connect?

A

Femur and tibia

67
Q

Unhappy triad

A

Lateral blow to knee can tear the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and the medial meniscus

68
Q

What is the function of the 3 arches of the foot?

A

Structural support, shock absorption, and flexibility for weight-bearing activities

69
Q

Three arches of the foot

A

transverse, medial, lateral

70
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Inflation of the joints

71
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Inflammation in the joints resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in fingers, wrists, feet and ankles

72
Q

What is gout?

A

Systemic disease caused by the buildup of uric acid in the blood ( Hyperuricemia)

73
Q

What is the usual cause of osteoarthritis?

A

Wear and tear

Bio 223A (15 decks)

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