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Bio exam #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Biology

A

the study of life

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2
Q

Science

A

knowledge of the natural world using scientific method

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3
Q

Scientific Method

A
  1. observation
  2. question
  3. hypothesis
  4. prediction
  5. experiment
  6. result
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4
Q

Hypothesis

A

a possible explanation to explain a phenomenon

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5
Q

Properties of Life

A
  1. order
  2. sensitivity
  3. reproduction
  4. adaptation
  5. growth and development
  6. regulation/ homeostasis
  7. energy processing
  8. evolution
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6
Q

Protons

A

a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign

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7
Q

Neutrons

A

subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of every atoms

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8
Q

Electrons

A

a subatomic particle that is found in all atoms

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9
Q

Atomic number of an element

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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10
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

share electrons, the strongest bonds

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11
Q

Polar Bonds

A

electrons are unequally shared

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12
Q

Non-polar Bonds

A

electrons are equally shared between atoms

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13
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

weak bonds based on the attraction of opposite partial charges created by covalent bonds

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14
Q

Cohesion

A

the force of attraction holding together molecules of the same substance

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15
Q

Adhesion

A

the force of attraction holding together molecules of different substances

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16
Q

Specific Heat

A

amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature one degree

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17
Q

Macromolecules

A

structure consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded

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18
Q

Macromolecules have

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. lipids
  3. proteins
  4. nucleic acids
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19
Q

3C

A

trios

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20
Q

4C

A

tetrose

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21
Q

5C

A

pentose

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22
Q

6C

A

hexose

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23
Q

7C

A

pentose

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24
Q

Glucose

A

important source of energy in plants and animals

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25
Galactose
parts of the sugars found in milk
26
Fructose
parts of the sugars found in fruit, honey, root vegetables
27
Disaccharides
form when two monosaccharides bond covalently
28
Dehydration Synthesis
reaction that creates a reaction while losing water
29
Hydrolysis
reaction which breaks apart water molecule and bond
30
Surcose
glucose + fructose "table sugar"
31
Lactose
glucose + galactose "milk sugar"
32
Maltose
glucose + glucose "malt/ sugar"
33
Polysaccharides
long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds
34
Starch
unbranched chain of glucose monomers
35
Lipids
hydrocarbon, hydrophobic (non-polar)
36
Null hypothesis
states there is NO difference/ relationship between groups
37
Alternative hypothesis
states there IS a difference between groups or variables
38
Control variables
factors kept constant throughout an experiment
39
Experience variables
the factor which is being changed in the experiment to test its impact on the results
40
Molecule
when two or more atoms are chemically bonded
41
Compound
chemical combination of two or more atoms, held together by chemical bonds
42
Ion
when atoms gain or lose electrons, protons in the nucleus no longer equal the number of electrons
43
Cation
positive ions formed from losing electrons
44
Anion
negative ions formed from gaining electrons
45
Electron Transfer
movement of electrons from one element to another
46
Reactant
the substance found at the beginning of an reaction
47
Product
the substance found at the end of an reaction
48
Most abundant elements in living organisms
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous
49
Four elements common to all living organisms
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
50
Functional Group
give macromolecules specific chemical properties
51
Hydrophilic
water loving
52
Hydrophobic
water fearing
53
Monomer
a single molecule that can bond with other monomers to form a polymer
54
Polymer
large molecule made up of smaller units called monomers
55
Leeuwenhoek
wanted to observe the cell
56
Hooke
coined the term cell
57
Schleiden
unified cell theory
58
Schwann
unified cell theory
59
Unified cell theory
all organisms are composed of one or more cells
60
Common to all living cells
1. DNA 2. Cytoplasm 3. Cell membrane 4. Ribosome
61
Two main types of cells
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
62
Differences between Pro & Eu -karyotes
Pro: no membrane-bound organelles, no nucleus Eu: membrane-bound, developed nucleus
63
Surface area: Volume ratio
as cell size increases, surface area to volume ratio decreases
64
How can larger eukaryotic cells make up for having less surface area?
Increase surface area Increase efficiency
65
Flagela
for locomotion
66
Pili
for reproduction
67
Fimbriae
for adhesion
68
Plasma Membrane
69
Cell Wall
70
Cytoplasm
71
Ribosomes
72
Mitochondria
73
Cesicles
74
Gold Apparatus
75
Lysosomes
76
Chromatin
77
Chromosomes
78
Chloroplasts
79
Chlorophyll
80
Central Vacuole
81
Extracellular Matrix
82
Nucleus
83
Nucleolus
84
Nucleoplasm
85
Nuclear Envelope
86
Endoplasmic Reticulum
87
Cytoskeleton
88
What is ATP
89
Endomembrade System

Bio (10 decks)

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