Exam #3

Question 1

Photoautotrophs

Answer 1

use light to make their food

Question 2

Heterotrophs

Answer 2

rely on sugars produced by photosynthetic organisms for their energy needs

Question 3

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 3

Uses inorganic chemicals as an energy source

Question 4

Stomata

Answer 4

responsible for gas exchange (intake of CO2, release of O2)

Question 5

Guard Cells

Answer 5

regulate the opening and closing of the stomata

Question 6

Thylakoid

Answer 6

disk shaped structures that fill the chloroplasts

Question 7

Chlorophyll

Answer 7

A pigment/ molecule that absorbs light

Question 8

Carotenoids

Answer 8

yellow, orange, and red pigments in plants

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

A stack of thylakoids

Question 10

Stroma

Answer 10

liquid filled space within the chloroplast

Question 11

photosynthetically active radiation

Answer 11

wavelengths of light plants use for photosynthesis (400nm-700nm)

Question 12

ABSORPTION SPECtrum

Answer 12

wavelengths of light a substance absorbs=the color it appears

Question 13

photo act

Answer 13

the excitation of an electron from a photon of light leading to the donation of that electron

Question 14

photosystem

Answer 14

protein complex that use light energy to initiate the chemical reactions in photosynthesis

Question 15

photorespiration

Answer 15

Keeping stomata closed to prevent water loss results in the build up of O2 and a lack of available CO2. working against photosynthesis

Question 16

3 major organisms that can photosynthesize

Answer 16

1. plants
2. algae
3. cyanobacteria

Question 17

what do chemoautotrophs use to make sugar?

Answer 17

energy from inorganic chemical compounds

Question 18

3 basic elements required for photosynthesis?

Answer 18

CO2, H2O, sunlight

Question 19

2 basic products of photosynthesis?

Answer 19

O2 & glucose

Question 20

general tissue where photosynthesis takes place?

Answer 20

mesophyll

Question 21

how are gases exchanged through the surface of the leaf?

Answer 21

stomata

Question 22

describe in detail the structure of the organelle where photosynthesis takes place in eukaryotes.

Answer 22

chloroplasts contain a third membrane system called the thylakoid membrane, forming stacks called grana, and a fluid-filled space called the stroma.

Question 23

two major classes of pigments that absorb lights in plants

Answer 23

chlorophyll & carotenoids

Question 24

Where does the light-dependent reaction take place?

Answer 24

thylakoid membrane

Question 25

What are the major products of the light-dependent reaction?

Answer 25

ATP, NADPH, O2

Question 26

What are the main two types of the chlorophyll pigments found in plants?

Answer 26

chlorophyll a & b

Question 27

Relate the concept of the absorption spectrum of pigments with the green color of most plant tissue

Answer 27

chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light in the blue and red regions of the visible spectrum, while reflecting green light making plants appear green to us

Question 28

Describe the parts of a photosystem.

Answer 28

antenna complex (where light energy is captured) and a reaction center (where light energy is converted to chemical energy)

Question 29

In Photosystem II, where does the electron come from to replace the one lost in the oxidation of the two chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center?

Answer 29

splitting of water molecules

Question 30

In Photosystem I, where does the electron come from to replace the one lost in the oxidation of the two chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center?

Answer 30

ETC

Question 31

Where does the high energy electron go after it leaves Photosystem II?

Answer 31

travels down ETC, eventually used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH

Question 32

What are the waste products produced from Photosystem II?

Answer 32

O2

Question 33

what's the energy derived from the electron transport chain is used for in plants.

Answer 33

used to pump protons (H+) across the thylakoid membrane

Question 34

Where in the chloroplast is the chemiosmotic gradient established?

Answer 34

across the thylakoid membrane

Question 35

What is the hydrogen ion gradient potential energy used for?

Answer 35

ATP synthase

Question 36

What is the purpose of Photosystem I?

Answer 36

re-energize electrons

Question 37

products of PSI

Answer 37

NADPH

Question 38

What is the captured chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) used for during photosynthesis?

Answer 38

power the Calvin cycle

Question 39

Where does the carbon come from that is used to build carbohydrates in the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis?

Answer 39

atmospheric CO2

Question 40

three major stages of the Calvin Cycle.

Answer 40

Fixation: Reduction: Regeneration

Question 41

FIxation

Answer 41

The enzyme RuBisCO catalyzes a reaction between CO2 and a 5-Carbon sugar called RuBP

Question 42

Reduction

Answer 42

ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions are used to reduce 3-PGA into G3P

Question 43

Regeneration

Answer 43

Some of the G3P produced leaves in the Calvin cycle and enters the cell cytoplasm to contribute the formation of glucose The remaining G3P are used to regenerate RuBP using ATP so the cycle can continue

Question 44

What is the enzyme that most plants (C3) use for carbon fixation?

Answer 44

RuBisCO

Question 45

High energy 3-carbon molecule

Answer 45

G3P

Question 46

Light-dependent

Answer 46

absorb light energy to produce ATP & NADPH. in the thylakoid membrane

Question 47

light independent

Answer 47

convert CO2 into glucose, stroma

Question 48

ETC

Answer 48

pump hydrogen ions

Question 49

Carbon fixation

Answer 49

convert CO2 into organic compounds

Question 50

Reduction

Answer 50

ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions are used to reduce 3-PGA into G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)