BIO - TERMS - COMPOUND Flashcards
(104 cards)
aluminosilicates
Members of a family of compounds in which aluminum atoms substitute for silicon atoms in some of the silicon lattice sites of the silica structure.
Amides
A class of compounds containing the -CONR2 functional group.
Arylamines
Amino-substituted aromatic compounds, ArNH2.
atomic radius
The average bonding radius of an atom determined from measurements on a large number of elements and compounds.
atomic theory
The theory that each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms, that all atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties, and that atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
Benzyne
An unstable compound having a triple bond in a benzene ring.
binary compound
A compound that contains only two different elements.
Biodegradation
A designation frequently used for the ultimate biological breakdown of an organic compound to CO2 and H2O; however, sometimes the term is used with the understanding that incomplete biological breakdown of organics into organic metabolites is also included.
Biotransformation
The incomplete biological breakdown of an organic compound into organic products other than the parent compound.
bixin
A carotenoid-like compound with antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects.
Blind screening
Screening for antiviral compounds without regard to a specifi c mechanism. (Chapter 9)
boranes
Compounds composed of boron and hydrogen.
Born–Haber cycle
A hypothetical series of steps based on Hess’s law that represents the formation of an ionic compound from its constituent elements.
chemical formula
A symbolic representation of a compound that indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms of each.
combustion reaction
A type of chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen-containing compounds; the reaction often causes the evolution of heat and light in the form of a flame.
Cometabolism
Biodegradation or biotransformation of an organic compound that can be used as a growth substrate in the presence of another compound enabling growth, which is referred to as cosubstrate.
common name
A nickname of sorts for a compound that gives little or no information about its chemical structure; for example, the common name of NaHCO3 is “baking soda.”
compound light microscope (LM)
An instrument with two sets of lenses that uses visible light as the source of illumination.
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Determination of the ratios of naturally occurring staple isotopes (e.g., ¹³C/¹²C ²H/¹H) of distinct compounds (e.g., contaminants or their degradation products) in environmental samples together with the measurement of compound concentrations enabling to gain information about the fate of compounds (e.g., to obtain indications for biodegradation to identify contaminant sources to gain information about the dispersion of contaminant plumes, etc.).
coordination compound
A neutral compound made when a complex ion combines with one or more counterions.
crystal field theory
A bonding model for coordination compounds that focuses on the interactions between ligands and the central metal ion.
d,l form
The racemic mixture of a chiral compound.
Dehalorespiration
A type of anaerobic respiration leading to energy conservation via the use of chlorinated organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors in certain anaerobic bacteria.
Delocalization
A spreading out of electron density over a conjugated p electron sys tem. For example, allylic cations and allylic anions are delocalized because their charges are spread out over the entire p electron system. Aromatic compounds have 4n 1 2 p electrons delocalized over their ring.
