Bio test 1

Question 1

What is the study of living things?

Answer 1

Biology

Question 2

What is one cell that can carry out all the necessary functions such as growth, development, reproduction, energy utilization, heredity, organization, and homeostacis?

Answer 2

Organism

Question 3

What is the basic unit for all living organisms?

Answer 3

Cell

Question 4

The study of science encompasses what kind of fields?

Answer 4

Chemistry and physics

Question 5

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 5

Bacteria, Archaea, Eucyara

Question 6

What are the 6 kingdoms?

Answer 6

Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Question 7

What are the 7 characteristics of all living organisms?

Answer 7

Complexity, Response, Cellular Organization, Energy utilization, Homeostasis, Growth, Heredity

Question 8

What are the level of organization for all living systems?

Answer 8

Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Population  
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Question 9

Uses general principles to make specific predictions and validate general ideas.

Answer 9

Deductive Reasoning

Question 10

Uses specific observations to develop general conclusions.

Answer 10

Inductive Reasoning

Question 11

What are the steps in the scientific method?

Answer 11

Observation, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experimentation, Conclusion

Question 12

__________ is tested by the hypothesis and 1 variable at a time can be tested.

Answer 12

Experimental group

Question 13

___________ is not tested and is used by a comparison.

Answer 13

Control group

Question 14

A possible explanation for an observation and is used to make predictions.

Answer 14

Hypothesis

Question 15

_____________ is a well substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.

Answer 15

Scientific theory

Question 16

____________ is the description of an observed phenomenon.

Answer 16

Scientific law

Question 17

Author who wrote “On the Origin of Species” and a naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern studies.

Answer 17

Charles Darwin

Question 18

Where did Charles Darwin research take place?

Answer 18

Coast of South America

Question 19

How long of a period of time did it take Charles Darwin to do his research?

Answer 19

5 years

Question 20

What did Charles Darwin propose?

Answer 20

The theory of Natural selection

Question 21

___________ is the same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function.

Answer 21

Homologous structure

Question 22

__________ is a different origin used for the same purpose. Ex. butterfly and bird wings

Answer 22

Analogous Structure

Question 23

Theory which describes the properties of cells.

Answer 23

Cell Theory

Question 24

What are the levels of taxonomy?

Answer 24

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, Species

Question 25

How are organisms classified?

Answer 25

By the Binomial Nomenclature

Question 26

__________ is when each level of organization for living organisms builds upon the previous levels and increases in levels of complexity.

Answer 26

Hierarchal organization

Question 27

___________ is the presence of similar genes, portions of genes, or chromosome segments in different species, reflecting both the common origin of species.

Answer 27

Evolutionary conservation

Question 28

__________ is a tracing origin of particular nucleotide changes to reconstruct an evolutionary history.

Answer 28

Phylogenetic tree

Question 29

Basic unit of a chemical element.

Answer 29

Atom

Question 30

What are the subatomic particles that make an atom?

Answer 30

Protons, Neutrons, and electrons

Question 31

An ____________ is a substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by ordinary chemical means.

Answer 31

Element

Question 32

Atoms of a single element that posses different numbers of neutrons.

Answer 32

Isotope

Question 33

____________ are atoms that have gained or lost electrons resulting in them posting a positive or negative charge.

Answer 33

Ions

Question 34

__________ is the number of protons.

Answer 34

Atomic number

Question 35

___________ is the number of protons and neutrons.

Answer 35

Atomic mass

Question 36

____________ can bond with other atoms and they consist of a larger portion of the atoms energy.

Answer 36

Electrons

Question 37

How many electrons are needed to fulfill the octet rule?

Answer 37

8

Question 38

_________ is the loss of electrons.

Answer 38

Oxidation

Question 39

__________ is the gain of an electron

Answer 39

Reduction

Question 40

What is an electropositive hydrogen from one polar molecule that is attracted to an electronegative atom.

Answer 40

Hydrogen bond

Question 41

_____________ Are molecules that are groups of atoms held together in a stab association.

Answer 41

Chemical bond

Question 42

_____________ is formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions.

Answer 42

Ionic bond

Question 43

__________ is formed when atoms share 2 or more valence electrons.

Answer 43

Covalent bond

Question 44

What is the most common chemical property of water?

Answer 44

Hydrogen bonds

Question 45

__________ is when water molecules stick to other water molecules by hydrogen bonds.

Answer 45

Cohesion

Question 46

_________ is when water molecules stick to other polar molecules by hydrogen bonding.

Answer 46

Adhesion

Question 47

What are negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration of solution.

Answer 47

pH

Question 48

___________ is any substance that dissociates in water to increase the H+.

Answer 48

Acids

Question 49

___________ are substances that combines with H+ dissolved in water and lowers the H+.

Answer 49

Bases

Question 50

____________ is a substance that resists change in pH.

Answer 50

Buffers

Question 51

Why is carbon important?

Answer 51

Because it is associated with all living things.

Question 52

What type of molecules is carbon mainly associated with?

Answer 52

Organic molecules

Question 53

___________ are large molecules that contain repeating units of carbon and hydrogen.

Answer 53

Hydrocarbons

Question 54

Molecules with the same molecular formula. Ex. Glucose fructose and galactose

Answer 54

Isomers

Question 55

__________ are small similar chemical subunits.

Answer 55

Monomers

Question 56

_________ are large units built by linking monomers.

Answer 56

Polymers.

Question 57

Formation of large molecules by the removal of water.

Answer 57

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 58

________ is the break down of large molecules by the addition of water.

Answer 58

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 59

__________ are molecular compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 59

Carbohydrates

Question 60

What is the carbohydrates ratio?

Answer 60

1:2:1

Question 61

What are some examples of carbohydrates?

Answer 61

Sugar, starch, and glucose

Question 62

What do monosaccharides, disaccarides, and polysaccharides consist of ?

Answer 62

Mono- 1 sugar ( glucose) Di- 2 sugars ( sucrose) Poly- more then 2 sugars

Question 63

Polymers of repeating nucleotides containing a simple chain of a 5 carbon sugar composes a ____________.

Answer 63

Nucleic acid

Question 64

Adenine and Guanine are __________.

Answer 64

Purines

Question 65

Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil are ___________.

Answer 65

Pyramid lines

Question 66

___________ is a double stranded molecule containing deoxyribose as its sugar and its nucleic acid.

Answer 66

DNA

Question 67

__________ is a single stranded molecule containing ribose as its sugar and nucleic acid.

Answer 67

RNA

Question 68

What is ATP?

Answer 68

Adenine Triphosphate

Question 69

_________ is the energy currency of the cell.

Answer 69

ATP

Question 70

___________ is a molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

Answer 70

Proteins

Question 71

What do proteins do?

Answer 71

Enzyme catalysis, Defense, Transport, Support, Motion, Regulate, Storage

Question 72

_____________ structure sequence of amino acids that can be bound together and form numerous combinations of proteins.

Answer 72

Primary

Question 73

__________ structure interaction of groups in the peptide backbone including interactions with hydrogen bonds.

Answer 73

Secondary

Question 74

___________ structure final folded 3D shape of a globular protein.

Answer 74

Tertiary

Question 75

__________ structure arrangement of individual chains in a protein with 2 or more polypeptide chains.

Answer 75

Quaternary

Question 76

__________ are small units of secondary structure.

Answer 76

Motifs

Question 77

Functional units within a larger structure.

Answer 77

Domains

Question 78

Help proteins fold correctly

Answer 78

Chaperones

Question 79

What happens to a protein when it denatures?

Answer 79

Loses structure and function

Question 80

___________ is a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group.

Answer 80

Fatty acids

Question 81

__________ are loosely defined group of molecules with one main chemical characteristic.

Answer 81

Lipids

Question 82

____________ is a individual fat molecule.

Answer 82

Triglycerides

Question 83

Triglycerides are composed of __________ and _________.

Answer 83

1 Glyceral and 3 fatty acids

Question 84

Phospholipids are composed of _________ and _________.

Answer 84

2 fatty acids tails and a phosphate head

Question 85

_____________ is a lipid bilayer that occurs when hydrophobic tails line up against one another.

Answer 85

Hydrophilic head

Question 86

___________ is the fatty acid chains that are uncharged non polar tails.

Answer 86

Hydrophobic tail

Question 87

____________ is a two layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane.

Answer 87

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 88

_________ and ________ are non fat lipids.

Answer 88

Serpens and Steroids

Question 89

___________ is the chemical formula for glucose.

Answer 89

C6 H12 O6