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Bryant Biology 1 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

____________is organisms changing over time.

A

Evolution

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2
Q

___________ suggest an explanation that might be true

A

Hypothesis

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3
Q

____________ is a careful value of research by other individuals to make sure everything is right.

A

Peer review

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4
Q

A __________ has to be inside a living cell to be a virus

A

Virus

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5
Q

_____________is an atom with specific number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

A

Element

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6
Q

___________ is composed of elements

A

Matter

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7
Q

___________ is a positive charge and its located in the nucleus of atoms.

A

Protons

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8
Q

____________ is a neutral charge in the nucleus

A

Neutron

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9
Q

_____________ is a negative charge located in orbitals surrounding atoms.

A

Electrons

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10
Q

____________ is the number of protons in an atom.

A

Atomic number

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11
Q

___________ is the gain or loss in electrons

A

Redox reaction

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12
Q

An element gained or loss of electrons is called _________

A

Ions

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13
Q

Carbon 12, 13, 14 are _________ and as they break down they lose radiation.

A

Isotopes

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14
Q

___________ is a negative logarithm of hydrogen ion of concentration.

A

PH

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15
Q

_____________ regulates PH of blood.

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

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16
Q

_________ share electrons

A

Covalent bonds

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17
Q

___________ gain or lose electrons

A

Ionic bonds

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18
Q

_____________ hold water together.

A

Hydrogen bond

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19
Q

_____________ is the simplest carbohydrate and its necessary for all forms of life.

A

Glucose

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20
Q

_____________ are built out of subunits of monosaccharides.

A

Carbohydrates

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21
Q

____________ dont dissolve in water.

A

Lipids

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22
Q

______________ are common lipids used for energy storage.

A

Triglycerides

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23
Q

___________ catalyze chemical reactions.

A

Enzymes

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24
Q

___________ is when a substate and enzyme join together.

A

Induced fit

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25
___________ are inorganic non protein substances that can be used in enzymatic reactions.
Cofactors
26
_____________ is found in cytoskeleton and shellfish and can also be used to store cellulose.
Chitin
27
__________ is made by amino acids.
Protein
28
______________ involves a specific amino acid and sequence.
Primary protein structure
29
___________ and ___________ contain nucleotides.
DNA RNA
30
What are the base pairs of DNA and RNA.
DNA- AT CG | RNA- AU CG
31
Who was the first person to see cells under a scope?
Robert Hooke
32
___________ is in charge of collecting and transporting materials in a cell.
Golgi Apparatus
33
_____________ has DNA in its nucleus, has organelles and can be single or multicellular.
Eukaryotes
34
______________ doesn't have a nucleus, DNA is found in the nucleoids base and its always single celled organisms.
Prokaryotes
35
____________ is a macromolecule and is used to store hereditary information.
DNA
36
Plants, Fungus, and bacteria all have __________
Cell walls
37
___________ are composed of protein and is at the site of proteinsyntharsis.
Ribosomes
38
________ and ___________ have 9+2 microtubule arrangement.
Cilia flagella
39
Microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments form the ___________.
Cytoskeleton
40
_____________ is where chloroplast and mitochondria were once free living cells.
Endosibiosis
41
_____________ is a movement from high to low concentration and does not require energy.
Diffusion
42
______________ goes against the concentration gradient carrier portion and energy.
Active transport
43
____________ is the movement of water through semi permeable membrane.
Osmosis
44
_______________ is when 3 sodium leaves the cell and 2 potassium enter the cell.
Sodium Potassium pump
45
________________ is made up of phospholipids and they contain a phosphate group of glycerol molecule and 2 fatty acid chains.
Biological membrane
46
__________ proteins recognize cell vs non cell.
MHC
47
__________ is cell eating
Phagocytosis
48
__________ cell drinking
Pinocytosis
49
___________ is a primary electron carrier through metabolism.
NAD
50
_____________ is capacity to do work.
Energy
51
__________ is movement.
Potential energy
52
___________ is energy in movement.
Kinetic energy
53
A __________ is a unit of heat.
Calorie
54
____________ require stored energy in chemical bonds.
Heterotrophs
55
________ make their own energy
Autotrophs
56
____________ is all chemical reactions that take place while breaking material down.
Metabolism
57
___________ enzymes are called ribozymes
RNA
58
A ___________ is when an enzyme is catalyzed.
Substrate
59
_____________ is in all living organisms.
Glycolosis
60
_____________ requires a membrane and requires a proton motive force.
Electron transport chain
61
The __________ is the ultimate energy source of light.
Sun
62
The visible light spectrum is ___________ to __________ nanometers.
400-740
63
____________ occurs in chloroplast.
Photosynthesis
64
____________ contains groups of chlorophyll molecule and accessory pigments.
Photosystem
65
____________ are responsible for the cell cycle.
Cyclins
66
Each species has a specific number of ____________.
Chromosomes
67
What are the stages of the cell cycle in order?
G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
68
_____________ is the visible separation of chromatids
Anaphase
69
Animal cells achieve cytokinesis by forming a ___________.
Cleavage furrow
70
____________ cell contain 1 set of chromosomes ( usually sex cells)
Haploid
71
________________ increases genetic diversity
Sexual reproduction
72
____________ is where egg and sperm unite.
Zygote
73
_____________ occurs in Prophase 1
Crossing over
74
___________ was a austrian monk and studied hereditary factors like genes.
Mendel
75
What model did Mendel study?
Pea plant
76
_________ are the physical characteristics of an organism.
Phenotype
77
____________ is the allelic make up of organisms.
Genotype
78
____________ is individuals that have 2 identical alleles on their chromosome.
Homozygous
79
____________ alleles are always expressed.
Dominant
80
___________ alleys require both alleys to be expressed .
Recessive
81
An __________ is considered to be an alternate form of a gene.
Allele
82
A___________ is used to determine an if individual is homo or heterozygous.
Test cross
83
___________ is universal donor.
0 negative
84
Human height is considered a ___________ trait.
Polygenic
85
____________ alleys are singe gene with 3 or more alternate forms.
Multiple

Bryant Biology 1 (6 decks)

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