bio test review (NS)

Question 1

sympathetic NS

Answer 1

division of autonomic NS. helps cope rapidly and vigorously with situations that threaten homeostasis. “fight or flight” response. dilated pupils, fast heart rate, deep breathing, sweating

Question 2

parasympathetic NS

Answer 2

division of autonomic NS and does opposite of sympathetic NS so we are not always on high alert. calms us down. promotes normal resting and digesting, conserves body energy, low demand on cardiovascular system

Question 3

sulci

Answer 3

grooves in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain (cerebrum). deepen with memory

Question 4

gyri

Answer 4

raised ridges in the cerebrum

Question 5

meibomian glands

Answer 5

release oil so that the eyeball is lubricated and movement is smooth

Question 6

ciliary glands

Answer 6

release eyeball sweat

Question 7

meningitis

Answer 7

infection of the meninges. displays flu like symptoms, pain in neck. meninges> swollen

Question 8

encephalitis

Answer 8

can result from meningitis. the brain swells, not just the meninges.

Question 9

aqueous humor

Answer 9

liquid in the eyeball that gives it shape, at the font.

Question 10

vitreous humor

Answer 10

gel in the eyeball giving it shape. in the back

Question 11

depolarized nerve

Answer 11

imbalence of ions. acetylcholine is realeased. action potential. K moves out. NA moves in to take its place

Question 12

repolarized nerve

Answer 12

K inside, NA outside, after the action is terminated. resting potential

Question 13

efferent neuron

Answer 13

motor neuron that will cause a muscle to move, creating the ‘effect’

Question 14

afferent neuron

Answer 14

sensory neuron that picks up a message. the affect that will cause the effect

Question 15

how does the blood brain barrier protect the brain

Answer 15

has capillaries to act as a filter to only let in certain things. this prevents most harmful things from getting into the brain tissue. things that enter- H2O, glucose, essential amino acids

Question 16

what is the function of the broncas area

Answer 16

speech

Question 17

name 2 characteristics of a reflex action

Answer 17

quick and involuntary. doesn’t require brain activity, instead it used the spinal cord

Question 18

define accomidation. what is the relationship to age

Answer 18

it is adjusting to distance. as age goes up, the ability to accomidate goes down

Question 19

what is the importance of the limbic system

Answer 19

controls everything about who we are from thirst and appetite to our pains and pleasures. functions with the hypothalmus

Question 20

structure and function of the cochlea

Answer 20

shaped like a snail’s shell and houses tiny hairs and fluid. function is to respond to the vibrations sent through it, and send messages to the auditory nerve. the hairs bend to respond

Question 21

what is multiple sclerosis? describe what happens to the neuron of a diseased person? Is there a cure? What is the possible cause? Describe 3 symptoms? what do we mean when we say MS is autoimmune?

Answer 21

means that it looks like there are scars on the brain; specifically the neurons. The myelin on the neurons has been eaten away by white blood cells and T cells. There is no cure, it can only be controlled. Possible causes- chicken pox virus restimulated, or stress. MS causes tingling, loss of equillibrum, and even paralysis. Autoimmune- attacking your own body

Question 22

which eye layer is continuous with the dura mater

Answer 22

sclera

Question 23

what meninge is fixed tightly upon the brain

Answer 23

pia mater

Question 24

gaps in the axon’s myelin which increase the speed of the impulses are called

Answer 24

nodes of ranvier

Question 25

the ______ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles

Answer 25

somatic

Question 26

The ________ nervous system controls the cardiac and smooth muscle

Answer 26

autonomic

Question 27

how long is the spinal cord

Answer 27

17 inches

Question 28

name the enzyme in tears which injures bacteria

Answer 28

lysozyme

Question 29

number of pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 29

31

Question 30

_______ is the medical term for a "lazy eye"

Answer 30

strabismus

Question 31

what is the cauda equine

Answer 31

the spinal cord and nerves hang off of it (horsetail)

Question 32

Parkinson's is caused by too much

Answer 32

too little dopamine

Question 33

the central nervous system consists of

Answer 33

the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

what is the function of cholinesterase

Answer 34

turns of acetylcholine

Question 35

which of the following statements is not true about TIA a. ) temporary numbness b.) a warning. c.) impaired speech d. ) could last 3-4 hrs

Answer 35

d

Question 36

name a symptom of myasthenia gravis

Answer 36

fatigued facial muscles

Question 37

which of the following is not a characteristic of the cornea? a.) it can be transplanted. b.) it feels pain. c.) protective in nature. d.) its surface structure is generally inherited

Answer 37

d

Question 38

the main function of the rods is to

Answer 38

vision in dim light

Question 39

the fovea centralis is

Answer 39

an area that contains a high concentration of cones

Question 40

describe the brain of a person with Alzheimers Disease? Is there a cure? What is its cause? What are some symptoms?

Answer 40

shrunken/shriveled brain and weigh less. No cure. caused by protein deposits called Tao which look like threads building up in the brain. symptoms- short term memory, inability to preform familiar tasks, demetria, and the gradual loss of long term memory. may not even recognize family

Question 41

nikki needs new glasses because of her focusing problem. her optician told her that her eyeball had an unequal curvature

Answer 41

astigmatism

Question 42

Mrs. O'Hara (age 68) noticed that her vision was fuzzy. She said that she feels like she is looking through a white curtain.

Answer 42

cataracts

Question 43

Beth was sent home from LF because her right eye was itchy, red, and full of pus. The nurse thought her condition was highly contagious

Answer 43

conjunctivitis

Question 44

jennie was tested because of a possible problem with pressure and excess fluid in her eyes. it could cause blindness

Answer 44

glacoma

Question 45

Sam was complaining of a ringing in her ears because of the loud music at the One Direction concert.

Answer 45

tinnitus

Question 46

Joan's elderly grandfather blood pressure drops when he changes his position to stand. his sympathetic nervous system isn't responding, and he feels dizzy.

Answer 46

orthostatic hypotension

Question 47

which diagram shows near-sightedness

Answer 47

A

Question 48

Define near-sightedness

Answer 48

when the image falls in front of the retina. can see near, not far

Question 49

what is its scientific name 1

Answer 49

myopia

Question 50

what lenses are needed 1

Answer 50

concave

Question 51

which diagram shows far-sightedness

Answer 51

B

Question 52

define far-sightedness

Answer 52

image falls behind retina, can see far not near

Question 53

what is its scientific name 2

Answer 53

hyperopia

Question 54

what lenses are needs for correction 2

Answer 54

convex