Biochem

Question 1

Protein that has similar function in different species

Answer 1

Ortholog

Question 2

Protein that has different functions within one species

Answer 2

Paralog

Question 3

Accessory proteins that help with folding

Answer 3

Chaperones

Question 4

What is the binding site for o2. In hemoglobin molecules

Answer 4

Fe

Question 5

Isomers which differ in order of attachment

Answer 5

Constitutional isomers

Question 6

Isomers which differ in spatial arrangement

Answer 6

Stereoisomers

Question 7

Isomers which are non-superimposable mirror images

Answer 7

Enantiomers

Question 8

Ring closure that includes a 6 membered ring with 5C and 1O

Answer 8

Pyran

Question 9

Ring closure that includes a 5 membered ring with 4C and 1O

Answer 9

Furan

Question 10

Maltose

Answer 10

Alpha 1,4 glucopyranose (x2)

Question 11

Sucrose

Answer 11

Glucopyranose + fructofuranose

Question 12

Lactose

Answer 12

Galactopyranose + glucopyranose

Question 13

Difference between starch and glycogen

Answer 13

Starch- unbranched, glycogen- branched every 10 residues

Question 14

What residue gets phosphorylated in an O linked glycoprotein?

Answer 14

Ser

Question 15

What residue gets phosphorylated in an N linked glycoprotein?

Answer 15

Asp

Question 16

This structure commonly found on cell surface absorbs lots of water creating a cushion

Answer 16

Glycoprotein

Question 17

Backbone for proteoglycans on which long disaccharide repeats are built

Answer 17

Hyaluronic acid

Question 18

Proteoglycan most important in joints

Answer 18

Chondroitin sulfate

Question 19

What determines fluidity of a membrane

Answer 19

FA content, cholesterol

Question 20

What property of a molecule to be analyzed is limiting for NMR

Answer 20

Size

Question 21

What property of a molecule to be analyzed is limiting for x ray crystallography

Answer 21

Protein must be crystallized

Question 22

Cofactors are usually __ with. A positive charge that. Stabilize the active site of enzymes

Answer 22

Metals

Question 23

Class of enzyme responsible for addition or removal of groups to form a double bond

Answer 23

Lyases

Question 24

Class of enzyme responsible for combining to substrates using ATP as energy

Answer 24

Ligases

Question 25

Type of inhibitor that lowers vmax by binding at active site

Answer 25

Irreversible (enzyme inactivation)

Question 26

Type of inhibitor that increases km

Answer 26

Competative

Question 27

Type of inhibitor that lowers vmax and lowers km

Answer 27

Uncompetative (uses different active site)

Question 28

What is x intercept of lineweaver-burke plot

Answer 28

1/Km

Question 29

What is y intercept of lineweaver-burke plot

Answer 29

1/Vmax

Question 30

What molecules can be. Salvaged. Via gluconeogenesis

Answer 30

Pyruvate and lactate

Question 31

Enzyme that traps glucose in cell via phosphorylation

Answer 31

Hexokinase

Question 32

3C glycolysis product units that interconvert

Answer 32

GAP (makes pyruvate), DHAP (makes FAs)

Question 33

Irreversible glycolysis reactions include what 3 enzymes? (These are important for gluconeogenesis)

Answer 33

Glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase

Question 34

Synthetic pathways are activated by what 2 hormones

Answer 34

Epinephrine, glucagon

Question 35

What is the AA precursor to epinephrine

Answer 35

Tyrosine

Question 36

Where does the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction occur

Answer 36

Mitochondria

Question 37

Prosthetic groups required for pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1, E2, and E3 each have one)

Answer 37

TPP, lipoamide, FAD

Question 38

What TCA intermediate can be used in synthesis of purine bases and AA's

Answer 38

Alpha keto gluterate

Question 39

Alternative pathway for oxidizing glucose to create ribose and NADPH (used in cholesterol synthesis)

Answer 39

PPP

Question 40

3 ketone bodies obtained by beta oxidation of FA's

Answer 40

Acetoacetate, d3 hydroxybuterate, acetone

Question 41

Fatty acid synthesis occurs mainly in cytoplasm of what kind of cell

Answer 41

Liver

Question 42

In synthesizing fatty acids, acetyl coA is converted to __ (The rate limiting step). Before elongation and desaturation

Answer 42

Malonyl CoA

Question 43

What enzyme (not found in liver) is required to utilize ketone bodies for energy

Answer 43

Transferase

Question 44

What TCA cycle intermediate supplies C's for FA synthesis (used to make acetyl CoA)

Answer 44

Citrate

Question 45

How many carbons in cholesterol

Answer 45

27

Question 46

Intermediate in cholesterol formation

Answer 46

Squalene

Question 47

What is used to transport fat and cholesterol in blood

Answer 47

Chylomicron

Question 48

Hormone reports status of blood glucose (from pancreas)

Answer 48

Insulin

Question 49

Hormone (from adipocyte) that reports on status of TAG stores

Answer 49

Leptin

Question 50

After the formation of glutamate in urea cycle, what intermediate is formed

Answer 50

Alphaketogluterate

Question 51

GABA signaling is inhibitory and utilizes channels for what ion

Answer 51

Chloride

Question 52

What are the ketogenic amino acids

Answer 52

FLYKWI

Question 53

Type of inhibitor that lowers vmax by binding outside the active site

Answer 53

Noncompetative

Question 54

This enzyme catalyzes step 1 in pyrimidine biosynthesis and is allosterically inhibited by the end product of its own pathway

Answer 54

ATCase

Question 55

Saturated FA with 16 C? 18 C???

Answer 55

Palmitic, stearic

Question 56

Unsaturated FA with 18 C? 20 C?

Answer 56

Linoleic, arachidonic

Question 57

We obtain vitD from skin and GI, it gets taken to __ for processing and becomes its active form in the __

Answer 57

Liver, kidney

Question 58

Enzyme needed to generate the form of nucleotide base found in DNA

Answer 58

Ribonucleotide reductase

Question 59

Purine synthesis utilizes PRPP in the __ step and the big ring is built onto an existing __

Answer 59

First, ribose

Question 60

What molecule provides 2 C's for forming nucleotide rings and is a common chemotherapeutic drug target (methotrexate)

Answer 60

THF

Question 61

Pyrimidine synthesis utilizes PRPP in the __ step and the big ring is built independently of an existing __

Answer 61

Later, ribose

Question 62

Main glucose transporter in the liver (low affinity)

Answer 62

GLUT2

Question 63

Main glucose transporter in neurons

Answer 63

GLUT3

Question 64

Main glucose transporter in muscle/ adipose (insulin dependent, highly regulated)

Answer 64

GLUT4