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Comprehensive > Phys II > Flashcards

Phys II Flashcards

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1
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into Basal ganglia, olefactory lobes, and cerebral hemispheres

A

Telencephalon

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2
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, infundibulum

A

Diencephalon

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3
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into cerebral aqueduct, colliculi, and tegmentum

A

Mesencephalon

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4
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into cerebellum and pons

A

Metencephalon

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5
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into medulla oblongata and choroid plexus

A

Myelencephalon

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6
Q

Cortical area responsible for direct connections with specific muscles

A

Primary motor

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7
Q

Cortical area responsible for Detecting sensations

A

Primary sensory

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8
Q

Cortical area responsible for pattern of motor activity

A

Secondary motor area

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9
Q

Cortical area responsible for analyzing meaning of sensory signal

A

Secondary sensory area

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10
Q

Receptors that are slow adapting, detect continuous stimulus, and transmit impulse as long as stimuli is present (ie: spindle, golgi tendon organ, macula, baroreceptor, chemoreceptor)

A

Tonic

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11
Q

In 3. Neuron pathways the primary sensory neuron goes from external receptor to what area of spinal cord

A

Dorsal root

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12
Q

Secondary neuron in ascending pathways make up tracts that ascend to what area of the brain

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Tertiary ascending neurons go from thalamus through the internal capsule and terminate where in brain

A

Primary sensory cortex

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14
Q

What spinal tract carries pain and temp

A

Anterolateral spinothalamic

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15
Q

Secondary fibers of the anterolateral spinothalamic tract decussate where

A

Through anterior gray and white commissures

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16
Q

This pathway carries two point sensation, pressure, vibration and ascend in fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cutaneus

A

Medial lemniscus system

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17
Q

Nerve fiber types that are from muscle spindle

A

A alpha Ia

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18
Q

Nerve fiber type from golgi tendon organ

A

A alpha fibers Ib

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19
Q

Nerve fiber type from PAIN, itch, temp

A

Group IV type C fibers

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20
Q

Rhodopsin when exposed to light creates what two byproducts

A

Scotopsin, all trans retinol

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21
Q

The only output from the cerebellar cortex comes from what type of cell

A

Perkinje

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22
Q

Vestibulocerebellum is made of what two parts that control equilibrium and posture

A

Flocculonodular lobe, vermis

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23
Q

This part of cerebellum involved in skilled movement and speech

A

Cerebrocerebellum

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24
Q

Primary motor area for shivering is dorsomedial portion of the

A

Hypothalamus

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25
Best known stimuli for increasing rate of thyroid releasing hormone secretion
Cold
26
Critical body core temp
37.1 C, 98.8 F
27
Level at which sweating or shivering begins to return to critical core body temp
Set point
28
These cells undergo cyclic changes that periodically open and produce pacemaker currents that generate slow wave activity (slow waves create spike potentials which excite muscle contraction)
Cells of cajal
29
Interneurons of myenteric plexus utilizes what NT
Serotonin
30
Those on serotonin reuptake inhibitors may experience a decrease in what
GI motility
31
These are responsible. For opening calcium channels and sodium channels in GI SM cells (channels open slow, close quickly)
Spike potentials
32
GI reflexes go from gut to __ and back to GI tract
Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
33
What do parietal cells secrete
HCl
34
40% of ganglion cells are small and excited from bipolar and amacrine cells
W ganglion cells
35
55% of ganglion cells with small fields receiving input from cones (color vision)
X ganglion cells
36
5% of Ganglion cells with large diameter that respond to rapid changes in visual image
Y ganglion cells
37
These are present on the apical border of hair cells and are longer as they get farther from modiolus
Stereocilia
38
Mechanical transduction occurs opening __ channels resulting in depolarization of hair cell membrane when cilia are bent toward longer ones
Potassium
39
The endolymph is high in concentration of what ion
Potassium
40
Congenital deafness can occur when what structure cannot conduct potassium ions into extracellular fluid
Stria vascularis
41
Central region of the __ has no contractile fibers and is a sensory receptor innervated by gamma motor neurons
Muscle spindle
42
Most upper motor neurons in the pyramidal system decussate in pyramids forming what spinal tracts
Lateral corticospinal tract
43
Intracerebellar nuclei are dentate, emboliform, and globose nuclei which project to red nucleus and lesions cause what?
Extremity ataxia
44
Fastigial nuclei is an intracerebellar nucleus whose fibers project to reticular formation and vesibular nuclei and a lesion here causes what
Trunk ataxia
45
HCl secretion occurs from what type of cell
Parietal
46
What ion is pumped from extracellular fluid into parietal cell and then diffuses into lumen providing the gradient necessary for HCl formation and secretion
K+
47
This hormone is triggered by presence of food in upper intestine to increase pancreatic secretions
CCK
48
Hormone released in presence of acidic food in upper intestine stimulating bicarb secretion
Secretin
49
One of the best known stimuli for increasing thyroid stimulating hormone
Cold
50
Liver has high __ and low __ receiving 27% of resting cardiac output
Flow, resistance
51
Lipoproteins in blood that carry lots of triglycerides and some cholesterol/ phospholipids
VLDL
52
Lipoproteins in blood that carry lots of cholesterol and some phospholipids
LDL
53
Lipoproteins in blood that carry lots of protein
HDL
54
Bilirubin is formed after ___ is released from RBC's that have been phagocytosed by macrophages
Hemoglobin
55
Iron is transported in blood by
Transferrin
56
FA are converted to what in mitochondria via beta oxidation
Acetyl-CoA
57
What is the mitochondrial carrier molecule for FA's
Carnitine
58
What steps of urea cycle occur in mitochondria
Ammonia + CO2 form carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine forms citrulline
59
What residue on thyroglobulin binds iodine to form thyroid hormones
Tyrosine
60
Major product of iodine metabolism in the thyroid is ___ although this is not the most active form
Thryoxine (T4)
61
___ is the hormone which acts indirectly to cause bone absorption by activating osteoblasts and osteocytes which then in turn signal for the activation of ___
PTH, osteoclasts
62
When PTH is administered, what is rapidly lost in urine
Phosphate
63
Preganglionic ANS neurons are. Myelinated and their neurotransmitter is what
Ach
64
Postganglionic ANS neurons are. Not myelinated and they use ___ in parasympathetic systems and __ as neurotransmitter in sympathetic systems
Ach, norepinephrine
65
75% of all parasympathetic fibers are carried by what
Vagus n. (CNX)
66
Which cell in female reproductive system is responsible for Estrogen production
Granulosa
67
Which cell in female reproductive system is responsible for FSH binding
Granulosa
68
Which cell in female reproductive system is responsible for androgen production
Theca
69
Both theca and granulosa cells are able to produce progesterone from ___ after the binding of LH and LDL
Cholesterol
70
There is a surge of what hormones in females at day 14 of the menstrual cycle
LH (and FSH to a smaller degree)
71
Testosterone is formed by what cells in males
Cells of leydig
72
What is the PO2 of mother at. Placenta? PO2 of fetus?
50 mmHg, 30 mmHg

Comprehensive (5 decks)

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